The State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment

PARIS

SLOVENIA

FRANCE

Lyon

LJUBLJANA

ZAGREB

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Milan

Bordeaux

CROATIA

Turin

Toulouse

SARAJEVO

Nice

MONTENEGRO

ITALY

Marseille

ROME

PODGORICA

Ajaccio

MADRID

Istanbul

Thessaloniki

TIRANA

Barcelona

ANKARA

ALBANIA

Naples

Bursa

Valencia

GREECE

TURKEY

Cagliari

SPAIN

Palermo

Konya

Adana

Izmir

Gaziantep

ALGIERS

TUNIS

ATHENS

Antalya

Oran

Aleppo

Tangier

CYPRUS

MALTA

Hama

SYRIA

TUNISIA

NICOSIA

Homs

RABAT

Fes

LEBANON

BEIRUT

TRIPOLI

Hefa

ISRAEL Tel Aviv-Yafo

Casablanca

DAMASCUS

Alexandria

Marrakech

JERUSALEM

Agadir

ALGERIA

CAIRO

MOROCCO

LIBYA

EGYPT

terranean is urbanising more rapidly than the rest of the world. Projections indicate a drastic shift in the south and east Medi- terranean. What were essentially rural countries, with an average urbanisation of 41 % in 1970, will become urban countries with

took place in the south and east, where urban growth from 1970 to 2010 averaged 3,1 % a year, and about 4 % a year in Libya, Syr- ia and Turkey. Urbanisation around the Mediterranean increased from 54 to 66 % over the same period. The south and east Medi-

Human development and ecological footprint in Mediterranean countries

Global hectares per capita Ecological Footprint

8

Medium Human Development

High Human Development

Very High Human Development

Cyprus

7

Malta

6

Greece

Spain

Slovenia

France

Italy

5

Israel

4

Croatia

2000 2007

Libya

3

Turkey

Bosnia and Herzegovina Albania

Tunisia

Egypt

2

Morocco

Algeria

Syria

1

Sustainable development area

Note: no data available for Lebanon, Montenegro and Monaco.

0

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Human Development Index 2007

Sources: Ecological Footprint Network; UNDP; online databases

27

INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN