The State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment

The Human Mediterranean Basin

Human population and development

Population density and urban centres in the Mediterranean basin

The total population of the Mediterranean countries grew from 276 million in 1970 to 412 million in 2000 (a 1,35 % increase per year) and to 466 million in 2010. The population is predicted to reach 529 million by 2025. Four countries account for about 60 % of the total population: Turkey (81 million), Egypt (72 mil- lion), France (62 million), and Italy (60 million) (Plan Bleu com- putations based on UNDESA 2011). Overall, more than half the population lives in countries on the southern shores of the Mediterranean, and this proportion is expected to grow to three- quarters by 2025 (UNEP/MAP/MED POL 2005). The Mediterranean region’s population is concentrated near the coasts. More than a third live in coastal administrative entities to- talling less than 12 % of the surface area of the Mediterranean countries. The population of the coastal regions grew from95mil- lion in 1979 to 143 million in 2000. It could reach 174 million by 2025 (UN/MAP/BP/RAC 2005). The concentration of population in coastal zones is heaviest in the western Mediterranean, the west- ern shore of the Adriatic Sea, the eastern shore of the Aegean- Levantine region, and the Nile Delta. Overall, the concentration of population in the coastal zone is higher in the southern Mediter- ranean countries. This is also where the variability of the popu- lation density in the coastal zone is highest, ranging from more than 1000 people/km 2 in the Nile Delta to fewer than 20 people/ km 2 along parts of coastal Libya.

Less than 5 Inhabitants per square kilometre Population density, 2008 5 to 25 25 to 50 50 to 100 100 to 250 More than 250

Population in urban centres, 2010 Millions

3 1 10

Mediterranean catchment area

Sources: personal communication with Blue Plan, data collected from national sources, 2011; UNDESA, Population Division, online database, accessed in August 2011.

1970 and 2010, 163 million live in towns. Urban population (towns with more than 10.000 inhabitants) increased 1,9 % per year during that period, from 152 million to 315 million. The total could reach 385 million by 2025. More than 74 % of this growth

Urban development in the Mediterranean has been very rapid. Of the 190 million people added to the population between

Urban population in the Mediterranean countries

France

Slovenia

Croatia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Spain

Italy

Monaco

Montenegro

Albania

Turkey

Morocco

Algeria

Syria

Greece

Cyprus

Malta

Lebanon

Tunisia

Israel

Libya

Urban population living in slums

Percentage, 2007

Urbanization rate

10 to 20 Not observed or data not available More than 20

Rural

Urban

1990 2000

2010

Egypt

Sources: World Band, World Development Indicators; UN Statistical Division: online database, accessed in October 2011

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STATE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT