Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa
Water use, 2016 Algeria Percentage Water use, 2016 Egypt Percentage
Egypt
Water resources Egypt’s low annual rainfall of 15 mm is both irregular and unpredictable, since most of the country has a desert environment (AMCOW 2018; FAO 2016). Water availability highlights the importance of groundwater sources: internal renewable groundwater resources are estimated at 89.5 m 3 /person/year compared with internal renewable surface-water resources, which are only 16.6 m 3 /person/year (AMCOW 2018). Agriculture is the biggest water user by sector. Most (83 per cent) irrigated land obtains its water from surface-water flows (FAO 2018). The country’s aqueduct water stress for all sectors measured in 2010 was 1.19 and is projected to increase to 1.53 by 2040 (Luo et al. 2015). A score of 1.53 indicates that there is low to medium competition among water users relative to available surface-water resources. By 2040, water stress from industrial and domestic users is expected to rise from 1.19 to 2.07 and 2.25 respectively, indicating medium to high water stress among users (Luo et al. 2015).
Industry
3
Municipal
17
Industry 6
80
Agriculture
Municipal
Agriculture
31
63
Source: AMCOW 2018.
Source: AMCOW 2018. Water availability EGYPT Water availability EGYPT
m 3 /person and year m 3 /person and year
Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water
630 652 106 16.6 3 700% 89.5 105% 103.5% 630 652 106 16.6 3 700% 89.5 105% 103.5%
pressure on surface water pressure on surface water
of which are groundwater of which are groundwater
pressure on groundwater pressure on groundwater
Water stress Water stress
Cairo
Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 . Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 .
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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA
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