Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa

Using MDG 7.C to benchmark progress towards achieving SDG 6

2000

2005

2010

2015

Indicator

Goal

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services (%)

Drinking water

Proportion of population practising open defecation (%)

Sanitation and hygiene

1.8

1.1

0.5

0.1

Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services (%)

52.7

55.4

57.9

60.6

Proportion of population with basic handwashing facilities on premises (%)

66.0

73.5

80.9

88.3

Proportion of safely treated domestic wastewater flows (%)

57.6 (2018)

Wastewater treatment

Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality (%)

Proportion of groundwater bodies with good ambient water quality (%)

Water-use efficiency (US$/cm 3 )

Water-use efficiency

4.6

Water stress

Freshwater withdrawals as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%)

103.5

40.0 (2017)

Degree of integrated water resources management (IWRM) implementation (%)

Water resources management

Population growth (thousands) Population growth Thousands

111 728

Source: UNSD 2019.

38 549 49 259 62 334 75 524 92 443

Institutional and legal framework

Response

Basic elements

Institutional framework

projections

• Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) • Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities, created in 2012 • Holding Company for Water andWastewater, 2004

Presence of an enabling institutional framework for sustainable water, wastewater and sanitation development and services

1975 Source: UN-Desa 2019.

1985 1995 2005 2015 2025

Wastewater management Data available show that the volume of wastewater effluent from urban areas (produced municipal wastewater) was 7.078 million m 3 /year in 2012. The amount collected by wastewater sewers and other formal wastewater collection systems within the municipalities in the same year was 6.497millionm 3 / year, though only 4.013 million m 3 /year was treated and released by the various municipal wastewater treatment facilities. In 2014, 382 treatment plants were operating with a capacity of 4.745 million m 3 / year of treated wastewater (FAO 2018).

• Egyptian Water Regulatory Agency (EWRA), 2006

Presence of a functional water regulator

• Egypt Public Private Partnership Law No. 67 of 2010 • Supreme Committee for Public Private Partnership Affairs • Public Private Partnership Central Unit (PPPCU), Ministry of Finance • Public-private partnership satellite units within the administrative authorities, whenever necessary • Concession Law No. 67 of 2010 on partnerships with the private sector in infrastructure projects, services and public utilities • Residential Water tariff increases require approval by the Holding Company for Water andWastewater, the EWRA, the Ministry of Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities, the Cabinet of Ministers, the President and the National Assembly. The most recent increase was in 2017.

Environment for private sector participation

Water pricing facility

Water and sanitation provision

Egypt

Legal, policy and strategy frameworks

Access to at least basic services

Percentage of population

Progress towards MDG target

• National Water Resources Plan, 2017 • Water andWastewater Sector Policy Paper, September 2010

Current enabling policies

Met target

Limited or no progress

Moderate progress Good progress

2015 1990

Inadequate data

• Law No. 27 of 1978 on the organization of public sources of potable water and water for human use • Presidential Decree No. 178 of 2012 concerning the organization of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation • Ministerial Decree No. 219 of 2010 on the exploitation of water sewage • Resolution No. 458 of 2007 defining maximum limits for criteria and requirements necessary for drinking water and domestic use • Resolution No. 331 of 2007 adopting the Egyptian Code for drinking water and sewage water

Current enabling laws

Drinking water

Met target

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %

0

National Rural Urban National Rural Urban

Sanitation

Met target

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 %

Source: WHO and UNICEF 2015.

Sources: FAO 2016; World Bank 2018b; World Bank 2018c.

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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA