Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa

Water use, 2016 Algeria Percentage Water use, 2016 Egypt Percentage

Egypt

Water resources Egypt’s low annual rainfall of 15 mm is both irregular and unpredictable, since most of the country has a desert environment (AMCOW 2018; FAO 2016). Water availability highlights the importance of groundwater sources: internal renewable groundwater resources are estimated at 89.5 m 3 /person/year compared with internal renewable surface-water resources, which are only 16.6 m 3 /person/year (AMCOW 2018). Agriculture is the biggest water user by sector. Most (83 per cent) irrigated land obtains its water from surface-water flows (FAO 2018). The country’s aqueduct water stress for all sectors measured in 2010 was 1.19 and is projected to increase to 1.53 by 2040 (Luo et al. 2015). A score of 1.53 indicates that there is low to medium competition among water users relative to available surface-water resources. By 2040, water stress from industrial and domestic users is expected to rise from 1.19 to 2.07 and 2.25 respectively, indicating medium to high water stress among users (Luo et al. 2015).

Industry

3

Municipal

17

Industry 6

80

Agriculture

Municipal

Agriculture

31

63

Source: AMCOW 2018.

Source: AMCOW 2018. Water availability EGYPT Water availability EGYPT

m 3 /person and year m 3 /person and year

Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water

630 652 106 16.6 3 700% 89.5 105% 103.5% 630 652 106 16.6 3 700% 89.5 105% 103.5%

pressure on surface water pressure on surface water

of which are groundwater of which are groundwater

pressure on groundwater pressure on groundwater

Water stress Water stress

Cairo

Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 . Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 .

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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA