Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa

Water use, 2016 Algeria Percentage Water use, 2016 Botswana Percentage

Botswana

Water resources Botswana is a semi-arid country with annual rainfall of 416 mm (AMCOW 2018). Drought is a recurring problem. Surface run-off and groundwater recharge rates are low and even during the rainy season, stream flow is not continuous, with internal rivers only flowing for 10–75 days a year (FAO 2016). Water availability is about 5,410 m 3 /year per person (AMCOW 2018). The country’s aqueduct water stress for all sectors measured in 2010 was 1.48 and is projected to increase to 3.00 by 2040 (Luo et al. 2015). A score of 3.00 indicates that there is medium to high competition among water uses relative to available surface-water resources. Agricultural water usage is not as high as in some other African countries. The recurrent droughts have hindered the growth of the agricultural sector and its contribution to GDP has remained low, fluctuating between 1.8 and 2.7 per cent in the 2006–2017 period. Just over 25 per cent of the population is employed in this sector (World Bank 2018).

Industry

19

Industry 6

36

Agriculture

43

Municipal

Municipal

Agriculture

31

63

Source: AMCOW 2018. Water availability Botswana Water availability Botswana Source: AMCOW 2018.

m 3 /person and year m 3 /person and year

Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water Total renewable freshwater Total water withdrawal Internal renewable water sources of which are surface water

5 410 89.3 1 060 354 8% 751 7.65% 1.7% 5 410 89.3 1 060 354 8% 751 7.65% 1.7%

pressure on surface water pressure on surface water

of which are groundwater of which are groundwater

pressure on groundwater pressure on groundwater

Water stress Water stress

Gaborone

Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 . Source: AMCOW 2018; FAO 2018 .

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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA