Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa

Proper waste management is difficult in overcrowded places such as informal settlements

5.4.5 Regulation of the sanitation sector

The sanitation cityscape conceptual framework

Service delivery environment Services Demand Tenure Services and infrastructures Housing unit Neighbourhood

The fragmented, complex and disconnected nature of arrangements within and between sanitation infrastructure provision and service delivery sectors, along with increasing interdependence between sectors, is reshaping business models of infrastructure- based services, prompting the emergence of new approaches to regulation and governance. The sanitation cityscape conceptual framework separates the urban sanitation system into three components (Scott 2019) as shown in Figure 5.3: • The living environment (i.e. the household and surrounding area and the peri-domestic area) • The service delivery environment (i.e. the service delivery chain) • The enabling environment Some sub-Saharan African countries are under continuous stress due to the incidences of waterborne disease and water pollution. This situation is mainly the result of poor design, performance and maintenance of the dominantly used on-site sanitation systems such as septic tanks and cesspools. In addition, faecal sludge, which has to be emptied from these on-site sanitation systems, is not properly managed. There are hardly any rules and regulations on faecal sludge management for utilities. The role of a utility regulator is defined by the scope of its coverage, its role in relation to ministries, and its role in relation to other regulatory entities such as the competition agency or agencies which deal with the environment, energy, telecommunications, or other sectors

LIVING ENVIRONMENT People Demand Tenure Services and infrastructures Housing unit Neighbourhood

I n s

g y

t i t

a t e

u t i

s t r

o n

a l

n d

a r r

y a

a n

l i c

g e

P o

m e

n t s

Service delivery environment

Water

Sanitation

S e c t o r p

LINVING ENVIRONMENT

l a n

Drainage

Solid waste

n i n

C a

g a

p a

c i t

n d

y

m o

Other basics services (telecoms, education, health, transport...)

n i t

o r i

n g

Enabling environment Context Demand Tenure Services and infrastructures Housing unit Neighbourhood

c e

a n

B u

f i n

d g

n d

e t i

g a

n

Source: Scott (2019).

GRID-Arendal/Studio Atlantis

Figure 5.3. The sanitation cityscape conceptual framework

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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA