Sanitation and Wastewater Atlas of Africa
Age and gender structure of African population Age and gender str cture o African opulation
80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 +100 Age
+100 Age
Age and gender structure of African population
0-84 5-89 0-94 5-99
80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 +100 Age 75-79
5-79
70-74
0-74
65-69
5-69
75-79
60-64
0-64
70-74
55-59
5-59
65-69
50-54
0-54
60-64
Young people are the majority of Africa’s population
45-49
5-49
55-59
40-44
0-44
50-54
As Figure 1.4 shows, Africa’s population is predominantly youthful (UNECA 2016), with those between the ages of 15 and 24 making up 19.4 per cent of the continent’s population (UNECA 2017). If youth are to be involved in sanitation and hygiene activities such as investment and awareness-raising, positive outcomes can be expected. However, if no new investment is made in water, sanitation services and hygiene, the current lack of access will become only more dire for youths, resulting in increased school dropouts and illnesses, among other consequences. Africa is moderately densely populated, with 43 inhabitants per square kilometre (Worldometers 2019). As Figure 1.5 shows, population density varies across the continent. The island states of Mauritius,
35-39
5-39
45-49
30-34
0-34
40-44
25-29
2000 2010 2020 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 80 100 2000 2010 2020 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 60 80 2000 2010 2 20 5-9 0-14 5-19 0-24 5-29 0-4 100 60 0-4
35-39
30-34
25-29
2020
2020
2010
2010
2000
2000
1990
1990
FEMALE
FEMALE
0-4
MALE
MALE
1990
1990
100 Millions
100 Millions
80
80
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
20
20
40
40
2020
2010
2000
1990
FEMALE
MALE
1990
100 Millions
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
GRID-Arendal/Studio Atlantis
GRID-Arendal/Studio Atlantis
Source: UN DESA, 2019
Source: UN DESA, 2019
Figure 1.4 . Age structure for Africa’s population in 2018
GRID-Arendal/Studio Atlantis
Source: UN DESA, 2019
Population growth in Africa
3 000 000 Thousands
2 904 977
2 697 840
2 489 275
2 500 000
2 281 453
2 076 750
2 000 000
1 878 194
1 688 321
1 508 935
1 500 000
1 340 598
1 182 439
1 039 304
1000 000
916 154
810 984
717 270
630 350
476 386 548 626
500 000
0
1980
1990
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2000
projections
GRID-Arendal/Studio Atlantis
Sources: UN DESA, 2019.
Figure 1.3 . Population growth trends and projections in Africa for the period 1980–2065
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SANITATION AND WASTEWATER ATLAS OF AFRICA
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