Mountain Adaptation Outlook Series - Synthesis Report

Globally, human activities have caused approximately 1°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels (IPCC, 2018). Some areas have warmed faster than others, including the Arctic and in mountains. The global pattern of precipitation change is much more uncertain than for temperature: while there is high confidence that precipitation over the mid- latitude land areas of the Northern Hemisphere Mountains in a changing climate has increased in the latter part of the 20th century, there is low confidence in any observed trends for other latitudes, primarily due to issue of data quality and coverage. Global observations and projections, which are useful in identifying major trends, may not capture important local, country- level and regional trends. This is particularly true for mountainous regions where the topography is often

too rugged to be captured by low resolution global models and complicated by an often-poor coverage of meteorological stations needed to validate and calibrate these models. For these reasons, the various Adaptation Outlooks examined country- and regional-level evidence, drawing from the latest scientific literature as well as national climate communications and other sources.

Landscape in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru

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