Adaptation Actions for a Changing Arctic: Perspectives from the Barents Area

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Chapter 2 · Status of the natural and human environments

Box 2.5 Tertiary education in Fennoscandia University and college-level opportunities are substantial in northern Fennoscandia with many institutions, delivery sites and programs, including distance learning (Hirshberg and Petrov, 2014).This includes large universities as well as smaller university colleges.NorthernNorway has two universities and four university colleges.The tendency has been consolidation towards larger entities with university colleges merging with the University of Tromsø. Northern Sweden and northern Finland both have two universities.

UmeåUniversity,theUniversityofAlaskasystem,LuleåUniversity, University of Oulu, University of Iceland, Arctic University of Norway, and Murmansk State Technical University are the leading institutions in the area by enrollment. These are all associated with larger cities; although some have branch campuses in rural areas, these areas are served to a much lesser degree.

Transport routes in the Arctic

ALASKA

CHUKOTKA

UNITED STATES

YUKON

SAKHA

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

CANADA

Northwest Passage

Northern Sea Route

RUSSIA

NUNAVUT

TAIMYR

KRASNOYARSK

YAMALO- NENETS

NUNAVIK (QUEBEC)

GREENLAND

NENETS

KOMI

LABRADOR

MURMANSK

NORWAY

0

50

100

km

ICELAND

FINLAND

FAROE ISLANDS

SWEDEN

FAROE ISLANDS

0

500

1000

2000

km

Northwest Passage & Northern Sea Route Iceland shipping routes Faroes shipping routes Russian shipping routes Canadian shipping routes US shipping routes

Ports Populated places Roads Main railways Main rivers

Arctic Circle

National/ regional boundary

Figure 2.13 At-sea transport routes, major ports and land infrastructure (Nordic Council of Ministers, 2011) (map layout: José Sterling and Julien Grunfelder, Nordregio).