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3. People who protect forests 1. RAISG 2012a: 5,36 million km2 (2000), FAO 2011: 5,86 million km2 ‘dense humid forest’ 2. INPE 2014 (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/index.php) 3. CIFOR: http://blog.cifor.org/20927/despite-enthusiasm-for-redd- deforestation-in-peru-continues#.Us7YZ7Cx7cs and Mongabay: http://news. mongabay.com/2013/0613-peru-deforestation-tracking-system.html 4. Not included for lack of comparable data covering the whole region; see RAISG 2012a pp. 6, 14-15. 5. RAISG 2012a http://raisg.socioambiental.org/mapa#english) 6. GEO Amazonia 7. UNEP 1013 (GEO 5) 8. Ibid 9. UNEP and ACTO 2009 10. RAISG 2012b http://raisg.socioambiental.org/system/files/AMAZON2012_ english.pdf 11. Aikhenvald 2012 12. RAISG 2012b 13. RFN 2014 14. Ibid. 15. Stevens et al. 2014 16. Deforestation Brazil: Imazon 2011; other countries: RAISG 2012c http://raisg.socioambiental.org/system/files/mapaAmazonia2012- 18. CIFOR, 09 January 2014 The economic and political conditions in Peru favour an increase in deforestation, despite the country having set a target of zero net deforestation by 2021, a new study shows. More: http://blog.cifor.org/20927/despite-enthusiasm-for-redd-deforestation- in-peru-continues#.Us7YZ7Cx7cs 19. Stevens et al. 2014 20. RAISG 2012a, p. 59; Stevens et al. 2014 p. 4 21. Little 2014 22. Barber et al. 2014 23. UNEP and ACTO 2009 24. Victorine Che Thöner 2014 www.regnskog.no/en/rainforest-news/africa/ long-awaited-decree-granting-forest-concessions-to-local-communities-finally- signed-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo. 25. http://forests-l.iisd.org/news/un-redd-discusses-legal-protection-of- deforestation%5Bing%5D.pdf 17. FAO 2011, Table 5, p. 62 32. “Region” defined as Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, CAR, DRCR, Gabon, Eq.Guinea, Rwanda and Sao Tome & Principe, with in total 3 mill km2 rainforest and other tropical forest within their borders. 33. A study by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, reporting gross deforestation in the rainforest of Central Africa as low as 0.11 percent annually. See Mayaux et al. 2013. 34. Megevand, Carole. 2013. 35. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/153735/icode/ 36. Hansen 2013 37. Megevand 2013 38. Mayaux et al. 2013 39. ibid 40. FAO 2011 41. Megevand 2013 42. Increasing dforestation is also supported by Bayol N, et al. 2012 43. FAO 2011 44. http://www.euflegt.efi.int/drc/ 45. Nepstad et al 2006 46. http://peat-portal.net/aeimages//File/Publications/peatmap_FA_ indigenous-rights-in-the-drc/ 26. de Wasseige C. et al. 2012. 27. ibid. 28. Congo Basin - State of the forest 2010 29. FAO 2011 30. Ibid. 31. Mayaux P et al. 2013

com/2013/1114-global-forest-map.html 14. Ibid. 15. This includes all tree cover, including plantations. See Margono et al 2014 for figures for natural forest. 16. FRA 2010 17. FAO & JRC. 2012. 18. Ghazoul, Jaboury and Douglas Sheil 2010 19. Countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela + the territory of French Guyana. 20. FAO 2011 21. FAO 2010 22. RAISG 2012 23. The government of Indonesia is currently working to improve forest monitoring, supported by Norway’s climate and forest initiative. 24. FRA 2010 25. http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/03/5-overlooked-deforestation-hotspots 26. Lund, H.G. 2009. Cited in FAO 2011 (p 1).Resources Assessment Working Paper 177ResossessmentWorkingPaper 27. Thompson et al 2013. 28. FAO 2002. 29. Simula, M., 2009. 30. Simula, M., and Mansur, E., 2011. 31. Hosonuma et al. 2012. 32. Gerwing 2002. 33. FAO, UNEP and UNFF 2009. 34. Union of Concerned Scientists 2011. 35. Ibid. 36. Gerwing 2002. 40. Ibid. 41. Ibid. 42. I.e. Hansen et al. 2013 and the Global Forest Watch project (www. globalforestwatch.org). 43. Romijn, E., J. H. Ainembabazi, A. Wijaya, M. Herold, A. Angelsen, L Verchot, D Murdiyarso. 2013. 44. Hansen, M. C. et al. 2013 45. Ibid. 46. See Margono et al. 2014 for Indonesia 47. Ibid. 48. Ciais, P., C. Sabine, et al. 2013. Cited in Stocker et al. 2013. 49. Angelsen, A., and McNeill, D. 2012. 50. Stern, N. (Ed.) 2007. 51. The Forest Investment Program (FIP) supports REDD+ work in eight countries, while the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) includes 44 developing-country participants in its two funding streams (the Readiness Fund and the Carbon Fund). See http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/Forest_ Investment_Program and http://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/ 52. See NICFI’s official webpage, http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/kld/ kampanjer/the-governments-climate-and-tree-project.html?id=733947 53. For a broad evaluation of the results of the NICFI initiative, see Norad 2014. 54. Almås, O., Anselmo, L. et al. 2014. 55. Streck et al. 2012. 56. For a fuller discussion of some of these trends, see Angelsen and McNeill, ‘The evolution of REDD+.’ 57. Streck, C. and Parker, C., 2012. Cited in Angelsen, A et al. (eds.) 2012. 58. The most notable exception being Brazil: the government of Norway is paying Brazil, through its Amazon Fund, for results obtained in reducing deforestation emissions from the Amazon, based on USD 5 per tonne of reduced CO2 emissions. (Payments from Norway have not exceeded NOK 1 billion per year, though, although Brazilian emissions reductions have “entitled” Brazil to receive substantially larger contributions from the international community). 59. Karsenty, A. and Ongolo, S. 2011. 60. R-SWG 2013. 61. FERN and FPP 2014. 37. Simula, M et al. 2011. 38. FAO et al 2009 (p. 11). 39. Ghazoul, Jaboury and Douglas Sheil 2010.

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