The Environmental Crime Crisis

The charcoal supply chain

Price of a bag of charcoal at retail market Percentage of the total selling price, Malawi

Forestry department

Production site

Producer

33

Armed groups roadblocks

Police or other official authority

6

Roadside vendor

Packing

Middlemen

12

Police or other official authority

Private taxes and bribes

Armed groups roadblocks

25

Transport

Wholesale market

3

Market fee

Retail market

21

Point of control, roadblock with informal taxation and bribing

Retailer

International market, shipping

International market via Internet

Household

Sources: Kambewa, P., et al ., Charcoal: the reality, 2007

Figure 18: The charcoal supply chain.

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