The Environmental Crime Crisis

Sub-Saharan Africa con icts and the elephant range

MOROCCO

LIBYA

ALGERIA

EGYPT

Western Sahara

MAURITANIA

MALI

CHAD

SUDAN

NIGER

ERITREA

SENEGAL

GAMBIA

BURKINA FASO

GUINEA- BISSAU

DJIBOUTI

GUINEA

BENIN

Somaliland

ETHIOPIA

SIERRA LEONE

SOUTH SUDAN

TOGO

NIGERIA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

LIBERIA

GHANA

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

SOMALIA

CAMEROON

KENYA

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

EQ. GUINEA

UGANDA

GABON

CONGO

RWANDA BURUNDI

TANZANIA

MALAWI

ANGOLA

ZAMBIA

MOZAMBIQUE

MADAGASCAR

ZIMBABWE

BOTSWANA

NAMIBIA

Elephant range, 2007

SWAZILAND

Known Possible

LESOTHO

SOUTH AFRICA

Con icts, 2010-2012

Battles, rebel attacks, violence against civilians Riots and protests

Source: Armed Con ict Location and Events Dataset (ACLED); African Elephant Database (AED)/IUCN/SSC African Elephant Specialist Group (AfESG)

Figure 15: African elephants threatened by conflict.

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