The Environmental Crime Crisis
Major environmental crimes
At stake:
3 0 t o 1 0 0 b i l l i o n U S $
At stake:
1 1 t o 3 0 b i l l i o n U S $
Livelihoods
Species extintion
Fish stocks depletion
Endangered forests
National economies: Illegal logging between 15 and 30 % of the global legal trade
Loss of revenues for local fishers and States
Targeted species: tuna, toothfish, sharks
Climate change emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
FISH
TIMBER
D R I V E R S
Tropical species demand for pets, food and traditional medicine
WILDLIFE
At stake:
7 t o 2 3 b i l l i o n U S $
1 1 b i l l i o n U S $
Corruption National
Lack of legislation
Species extinction
National
Local
Mafias
National International Lack of law enforcement
Corporate crime International
International National
National
Increasing demand Domestic International
Conflict
Major routes from North to South (unlike other environmental crimes)
Regional National
At stake:
1 0 t o 1 2 b i l l i o n U S $
At stake:
1 2 t o 4 8 b i l l i o n U S $
Ecosystem depletion Human health
Resource depletion
Gold, diamond, rare earth... Livelihoods (local communities)
1 3 5 b i l l i o n U S $
WASTE
Loss of raw material for local industry
MINERALS
A comparison: Official Development Assistance (ODA)
GRID-Arendal and Zoï Environment Network, 2012.
Figure 1. Estimated scale of various forms of transnational environmental crime. 15
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