The Environmental Crime Crisis

79. Ballentine et al (2014) The political economy of civil war 80. Sedra, M. (2002). Challenging the Warlord Culture: Security Sector Reform in Post-Taliban Afghanistan. BICC Paper 25. Bonn: Bonn International Center for Conversion. 81. Ballentine et al (2014) The political economy of civil war 82. Karbo, T. and Nelson, C. (2010). War Economies: Issues and Options for Transformation. Africa Peace and Conflict Journal, Vol. 3(1). p. 13-24. 83. Le Sage (2010) Non-state security threats in Africa. 84. Shaw, M. and Reitano, T. (2013). The evolution of organized crime in Africa: Towards a new response. Briefing Paper 244. Institute for Security Studies. Available from: http://www.africaportal.org/ dspace/articles/evolution-organised-crime-africa-towards-new-re- sponse; Le Sage (2010) Non-state security threats in Africa 85. Karbo et al (2010) War Economies: Issues and Options 86. The Hindu (2013). Militants turn poachers in new threats to wild- life. The Hindu. [Online]. November 22. http://www.thehindu.com/ todays-paper/tp-in-school/militants-turn-poachers-in-new-threat-to- wildlife/article5376961.ece 87. Firstpost (2013). Kaziranga: Insurgents join poachers, use AK-47 rifles to hunt rhino. Firstpost. [Online]. February 17. Available from: http://www.firstpost.com/living/kaziranga-insurgents-join-poach- ers-use-ak-47-rifles-to-hunt-rhinos-628212.html. 88. Levy, A. and Scott-Clark, C. (2007). Poaching for Bin Laden. The Guardian. [Online]. May 4. Available from: http://www.guardian. co.uk/world/2007/may/05/terrorism.animalwelfare. 89. Talukdar, S. (2012). The twin threat to Kaziranga rhinos. The Hindu. [Online]. October 7. Available from: http://www.thehindu.com/ sci-tech/energy-and-environment/the-twin-threat-to-kaziranga- rhinos/article3972746.ece. 90. Heath, K. (2012). Indian rhino poacher caught but Chinese buyer escapes. Wildlife News. [Online]. October 24. Available from: http:// wildlifenews.co.uk/2012/indian-rhino-poacher-caught-but-chinese- buyer-escapes/. 91. IBN Live (2014). Rhino shot dead in Kaziranga by poachers, take away horn, ears. IBN Live. [Online]. November 25. Available from: http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rhino-shot-dead-in-kaziranga-by-poach- ers-take-away-horn-ears/436035-3-251.html. 92. Bhattacharjee, U. (2013). Inside Kazingira’s one horned dream. Yahoo News India. [Online]. October 7. Available from: http:// in.news.yahoo.com/inside-kaziranga%E2%80%99s-one-horned- dream-080126062.html. 93. The Hindu (2012). Two rhino poachers arrested in Assam. The Hindu. [Online]. October 16. Available from: http://www.thehindu. com/news/national/other-states/a-gang-of-18-rhino-poachers- nabbed-in-assam/article4002582.ece. 94. Bhattacharjee (2013). Inside Kazingira’s one horned dream 95. UNEP (2006). Africa Environment Outlook 2.Nairobi: United Nations Environment Program. Available from: http://www.unep. org/dewa/Africa/publications/AEO-2/content/001.htm. 96. Global Witness (2014). Conflict. [Online] http://www.globalwitness. org/campaigns/conflict. 97. Global Witness (2014) Conflict 98. Blondel, A. (2004). The logs of war. Global Policy Forum. [Online] http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/198/40325. html#author. 99. UNSC (2001). Letter dated 26 October 2001 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1343 (2001) concerning Liberia addressed to the President of the Secu- rity Council. S/2001/1015. United Nations Security Council. Available from: http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/Liberia2/1015e.pdf. 100. UNSC (2001). Letter dated 26 October 2001 from the Chairman of the Security Council 101. Global Witness (2002). Logs of war. The timber trade and armed

conflict. Fafo-report 379. Fafo Institute for Applied Social Science. Available from: http://www.globalwitness.org/library/logs-war. 102. UNSC (2001). Letter dated 26 October 2001 from the Chairman of the Security Council 103. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 2014. UN arms embargo on Liberia. http://www.sipri.org/databases/embargoes/ un_arms_embargoes/liberia 104. UNSC (2001). Letter dated 26 October 2001 from the Chairman of the Security Council 105. UNEP (2006). Africa Environment Outlook 2 106. UNEP, CITES, IUCN and TRAFFIC (2013). Elephants in the Dust – The African Elephant Crisis. 107. UNSC (2013). Letter dated 12 July 2013 from the Chair of the Secu- rity Council Committee 108. International Fund for Animal Welfare (2013) Criminal Nature 109. UNSC (2013). Letter dated 12 July 2013 from the Chair of the Secu- rity Council Committee; Agger, K. and Hutson, J. (2013). Kony’s ivory. How elephant poaching in Congo helps support the Lord’s Resistance Army, Enough Project. Available from: http://www. enoughproject.org/files/KonysIvory.pdf. 110. ACF (2013). DRC: LRA attacks at Garamba National Park- African Parks Report. African Conservation Foundation. [Online]. May 24. Available from: http://www.africanconservation.org/in-focus/item/ drc-lra-attack-at-garamba-national-park-african-parks-report. 111. HSBA (2013). Lord’s Resistance Army. Human Security Baseline Assessment. Available from: http://www.smallarmssurveysudan. org/fileadmin/docs/facts-figures/south-sudan/armed-groups/lra/ LRA_8_March.pdf 112. Hack, S. (2012). DR Congo War Stretches into Virunga National Park. The Daily Traveler. [Online]. July 10. Available from: http://www.cntra- veler.com/daily-traveler/2012/07/virunga-war-break-news-071012; Lovgren, S. (2011). Marijuana Trade Threatens African Gorilla Refuge. National Geographic. [Online]. April 27. Available from: http://news. nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/110426-virunga-gorillas-mar- ijuana-africa-animals-environment/; Clough, L.D. (2009). Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. The Earth Encyclopedia. UnitedNations Environment Program,WorldConservationM. [Online]. July 4. Available from: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156857/ 113. Lovgren (2011). Marijuana Trade Threatens African Gorilla Refuge 114. Lewis, K. (2014). Virunga National Park Ranger killed in Ambush. Voice of America. [Online]. January 21. Available from: http://www. voanews.com/content/drc-virunga-park-attack-fdlr-ranger-militia- forest-killed/1834367.html. 115. Lewis (2014) Virunga National Park Ranger killed 116. UNSC (2013). Letter dated 12 July 2013 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee; UNSC (2013). Letter dated 19 July 2013 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council. United Nations Security Council. Available from: http://www.securitycoun- cilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4F- F96FF9%7D/s_2013_433.pdf 117. UNSC (2013). Letter dated 12 July 2013 from the Chair of the Secu- rity Council Committee 118. UNEP and INTERPOL (2012). Green carbon, black trade. 119. UNEP and INTERPOL (2012). Green carbon, black trade. 120. Global Witness and Environmental Investigation Agency (US) (2009). Investigation into the illegal felling, transport and export of precious wood in SAVA Region Madagascar. Global Witness and Environmental Investigation Agency (US) Available from: http:// www.parcs-madagascar.com/doc/report_vsfinal.pdf; Global Witness and Environmental Investigation Agency (US) (2010). Investigation into the Global Trade in Malagasy Precious Woods: Rosewood,Ebony

105