World Ocean Assessment Overview

Land based and marine industry sources of pollution

Multiple pressures interact

cumulatively in ways that are poorly understood but that can amplify the effects

- selected pressures and impacts

PRESSURE

expected from each individual pressure (Ref: WOA Summary page 33).

Sewerage

Industrial

Spills

Storm water

Manufacturing waste

Nuclear

Agricultural run-o

Medical

Acquaculture

Smelly

Macro and micro solid waste

Smothering/choking

Poisonous

Pharmaceuticals

Corrosive

Organic matter

Inorganic particulate material

Biological

Radioactive

Chemicals

Microbes

Heavy metals

Infectious

IMPACT

Increased production costs

Decreased ecosystem health (e.g. dead zones)

Contaminated water

Contaminated food

Decreased human health

Source: Adapted from SickWater? GRID-Arendal 2010

Illustration of selected pressures and impacts with regard to pollution (Ref. WOA Summary, pages 26 to 29).

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World Ocean Assessment Overview