Waste Management Outlook for Mountain Regions

Notes

Acronyms

1. Short-lived climate pollutants remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than longer-lived climate pollutants, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Their relative potency, when measured in terms of how they heat the atmosphere, can be tens, hundreds, or even thousands of times greater than that of CO 2 . The impacts of short-lived climate pollutants are especially strong over the short term. Reducing these emissions can make an immediate beneficial impact on climate change. 2. For the purposes of our analysis large mountain cities are those with more than 1 million inhabitants, located above 1,500 metres ASL. Exceptions include some mountain cities that have populations just under 1 million inhabitants (for example, Arequipa, Peru, and Naucalpan, Mexico), as well as other cities just below 1,500 metres ASL but which nevertheless are considered mountainous (for example, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia and Kathmandu, Nepal). Please note this analysis may not be fully comprehensive or accurate due to a lack of reliable data. National statistics were used to compile this list. 3. Hazardous household waste includes paints, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, certain detergents, personal care products, fluorescent tubes, oil, batteries, print cartridges and e-waste. 4. To download the guidance manual: https://wedocs.unep. org/rest/bitstreams/17340/retrieve 5. The informal sector, also known as the informal economy, is the non-regulated, non-tax paying part of the economy. 6. The hierarchy of solid waste is understood as the prioritization of preventative actions: waste reduction, resource recovery, treatment, reuse or recycling; with safe disposal of waste being the final option. 7. Waste Management Law N° 755 was approved in October 2015 (The Plurinational State of Bolivia, 2015) 8. According to a report by the National Programme of Solid Waste Management (PNGIDS), in Ecuador there are 144 dump sites and 77 landfills. The aim of the PNGIDS it that by 2017, 70 per cent of the population will dispose of its waste in sanitary landfills instead of dumping sites (Ministry of Environment, Ecuador; n.d.) 9. EPR instruments can include: product take-back requirements; economic and market-based instruments; regulations and performance standards; and accompanying information-based instruments. 10. See http://www.centralasia-travel.com/en/actions/clean- snow#action_award_a for more information. 11. The Medellin Collaboration for Urban Resilience supports 4,000 cities globally and is committed to helping cities achieve Target 11.b3 of the SDGs – to develop holistic disaster risk management at all levels for cities and human settlements by 2020. For more information, visit https:// www.cityresilience.org/mcur

3Rs ABIS AIT ASL BBIA BMLFUW

Reuse-Reduce-Recycle Asociación Boliviana de Ingeniería Sanitaria Asian Institute of Technology Above sea level Bio-based and Biodegradable Industries Association Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment andWater Management Convention on Biodiversity

CBD CDM CERs CLTS CMC

Clean Development Mechanism Certified Emission Reductions Community Led Total Sanitation Clean Mountain Can

EPA EPR ETHZ EU FoE FAO FYROM GHG GIZ GWMO HASP ICIMOD ICJ IETC IFMGA ILO INDCs ISWA MSW NAMA NGO OECD PM SLCPs SWM TB UIAA UNCCD UNDP UNEP UNESCO

Environmental Protection Agency Extended Producer Responsibility Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich European Union Friends of the Earth Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Greenhouse gas German Corporation for International Cooperation Global Waste Management Outlook High Altitude Sustainability Pakistan International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development International Court of Justice International Environment Technology Centre International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations International Labour Organization Intended Nationally Determined Contributions International SolidWaste Association Municipal solid waste Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action Non-Governmental Organization Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Particulate matter Short Lived Climate Pollutants Solid waste management Technisches Büro International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Security Council Resolution World Conservation Monitoring Centre Waste to energy

UNFCCC

UNSCR WCMC WtE

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