Vital Waste Graphics 3

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND WASTES CONVENTIONS INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES At the international level, intergovernmental negotiations in the past decades have led to seve­ ral multilateral legally binding instruments addressing the management of hazardous wastes and chemicals.

The 1998 Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Proce- dure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade focuses on facilitating information exchange about hazardous chemicals,

by providing for a national decision- making process on their imports and exports and by disseminating these decisions to Parties. The 2001 Stock- holm Convention on Persistent Or- ganic Pollutants (POPs) lists 22 POP

chemicals for which consumption, production and use, import and ex- port, disposal and/or environmental release should be reduced, prohibited and/or eliminated. The most compre- hensive global agreement specifically

Basel Convention [ 1989 ] on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 178 Parties 71 Parties having ratified both the Convention and the BAN amendment [ 1994 ] 1

1 - Ban on the export from OECD to non-OECD countries of hazardous wastes intended for final disposal [ 1994 ], recovery or recycling [ 1997 ].

Rotterdam Convention [ 1998 ] on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade 144 Parties Stockholm Convention [ 2001 ] on Persistent Organic Pollutants 176 Parties

NB: South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011; its signatory status for each convention has been treated as equivalent to that of Sudan.

Parties having ratified both Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions

London Convention [ 1972 ] on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 87 Parties

32 Parties having ratified both the Convention and the Protocol 2

Protocol only 2

2 - Under the Protocol [ 1996 ], all dumping is prohibited, except for dredged material, sewage sludge, fish wastes, vessels and platforms, inert, inorganic geological material, organic material of natural origin, bulky items primarily comprising iron, steel and concrete, carbon dioxide streams from carbon dioxide capture processes for sequestration.

MARPOL Convention [ 1973 ] for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 136 Parties

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