Vital Ozone Graphics 3

10 In a different calculation the US Environmental Protec- tion Agency showed that phasing out substances harm- ful to the ozone layer has already avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equivalent to the CO 2 emissions associ- ated with the following three scenarios lumped together: generating enough electricity to power every US home for more than 13 years; saving forests covering an area more than twice the size of Florida from deforestation; and sav- ing more than 4 500 million million (trillion) litres of petrol ozone depleters hit the 30

learning from

montreal 2

how does phasing out

temperature brake?

In 2007 a scientific paper confirmed that thanks to the ozone treaty greenhouse gas emissions amounting to as much as the equivalent of 135 thousandmillion (billion) tonnes of CO 2 had been avoided since 1990. This corresponds to a delay in global warming of seven to 12 years.

– enough to make 4.8 thousand million (billion) round trips from New York to Los Angeles by car.

The reason for this surprisingly large “side effect” is that many of the man-made ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, HCFCs,) and their replacements are potent GHGs with a glo- bal warming potential (GWP) a thousand times that of CO 2 . There are also indirect climate change contributions through the use of electricity to power appliances that use ODS.

HFC emissions for selected industrialised countries Reported emissions of 1 000 tonnes CO 2 -eq and above, in 1990 and 2007

Japan

Canada

United States

Russia

United Kingdom

The Netherlands

Germany

Poland Czech Republic

France Belgium

Australia

Turkey

Spain

Italy

Tonnes of CO 2 equivalent

125 000

Note: Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, indus- trialised countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol commit to report their HFC emissions on a yearly basis starting from 1990. There are currently 40 countries in this category, of which 22 reported data from 1990 onwards. Emissions above 1 000 tonnes CO 2 eq. in 2007 are represented on this map. The remaining 25 industrialised countries with emissions lower than 1 000 tonnes CO 2 eq are not shown on the map; their cumulative emissions in 2007 amounted to 9 784 tonnes CO 2 eq. As non annex-1 countries ("developing countries") are not obliged to report their HFC emissions under the UNFCCC, there are no consistent official data series available for those countries. This should not be taken to indicate that there are no HFC emissions from these countries.

2 000 10 000 20 000 50 000

1990 2007

Source: UNFCCC, 2009; basemap: Atelier de cartographie de Sciences Po.