Vital GEO Graphics

D ownload G raphic 2

Figure 1.1 Ratification of major multilateral environmental agreements

ties

200 Number of par

Basel CBD CITES CMS World Heritage Kyoto Ozone Ramsar

175

150

125

Rotterdam Stockholm UNCCD UNCLOS UNFCCC Cartagena

100

75

50

25

Source: GEO Data Portal, compiled from various MEA secretariats

0

2001

2005

1997

1973

2003

1987

1999

2007

1991

1993

1997

1975

1983

1981

1985

1971

1995

1979

1989

The Outlook for the Future Economic, political and social integration, com- bined with good governance, is making Europe a leader in trans-boundary environmental decision- making. North America is a model in providing access to superior quality environmental informa- tion, and investments in research and development. Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean and West Asia have also made great strides in tackling some of their environment and development challenges.

There is a mix of both worrying developments and substantial progress in global environmental gov- ernance systems. For example, there is continuing concern about the state of the stratospheric ozone layer that gives protection from harmful ultraviolet ra- diation. On the positive side, precautionary action on stratospheric ozone depletion was introduced by some industrialized countries, before the impacts were evident. Their leadership was key to making reductions in the manufacture and consumption of ODS a global success story.

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Figure 2.25 Effect of international agreements on the predicted abundance of ODS in the stratosphere 1980–2100

Predicted abundance (parts per trillion)

20 000

No protocol Montreal Protocol 1987 London amendment 1990 Copenhagen amendment 1992 Beijing amendment 1999 Zero emissions

17 500

15 000

12 500

10 000

7 500

5 000

2 500

Source: GEO Data Portal, compiled from UNEP-Ozone Secretariat 2006

0

2030

2040

2090

1980

1990

2050

2100

2000

2010

2060

2070

2080

2020

48 V I TAL GEO GRAPH I CS