Vital Forest Graphics

to protect our forests?

Surface of biomes protected

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of establishment has not been reported are not reflected in these figures At a regional level, governments and other stakeholders have begun tomeet in a series of Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) gatherings, cover- ing East Asia and Pacific (2001), Africa (2003), and Europe and North Asia (2005). Similar initiatives have started in the Amazon and Central America. As of 2006, 90 producer and consumer coun- tries were involved in FLEG processes. In 2003 the European Union, a major importer of timber from the Amazon, Congo and northwest Russia regions, adopted an Action Plan for Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT), giving renewed emphasis to regulating the timber trade. FLEGT established a voluntary scheme to ensure that only legally harvested tim- ber is imported into the EU from coun- tries participating in the scheme (EU 2008). Though entry of timber into the EU is controlled via import licenses and bilateral FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs), concerns remain that VPA states could still import ille- gal timber into the EU via non-VPA countries (EU 2008). A number of EU ;LTWLYH[L TP_LK IYVHKSLHM ULLKSLSLHM MVYLZ[ ;YVWPJHS MYLZO^H[LY Z^HTW MVYLZ[ ;YVWPJHS ZLTP L]LYNYLLU TVPZ[ IYVHKSLHM MVYLZ[ ;YVWPJHS ZWHYZL [YLLZ WHYRSHUK ;YVWPJHS KLJPK\V\Z ZLTP KLJPK\V\Z IYVHKSLHM MVYLZ[ ;YVWPJHS SV^SHUK L]LYNYLLU IYVHKSLHM YHPU MVYLZ[ ;LTWLYH[L ZWHYZL [YLLZ WHYRSHUK ;LTWLYH[L KLJPK\V\Z IYVHKSLHM MVYLZ[ ;LTWLYH[L KLJPK\V\Z ULLKSLSLHM MVYLZ[ ;LTWLYH[L L]LYNYLLU ULLKSLSLHM MVYLZ[ :V\YJL! :JOTP[[

« Heart of Borneo » declaration

states (e.g., Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany and the UK) have created national procurement policies that require imported timber to be legally and sustainably harvested. Norway, a non-EU nation, has gone so far as to ban state procurement of any tropical timber. International finance institutions and export credit agencies are also key multilateral players in ensuring forest governance. By lending to governments and providing government-guaranteed loans to corporations, these institutions are stakeholders in the forest trade sec- tor and have a responsibility to perform due diligence to ensure that legitimate finance is not used for illegal activities. As various governance processes have evolved, the governance landscape has grown ever more complex, with increasing numbers of transnational, civil society and other stakeholders influencing decisions. Strengthening local rule of law, land rights, transpar- ency and participation opens up the potential for cooperation among all stakeholders and, with it, the possibil- ity that sustainable forest management can be achieved.

INDONESIA

Protected forest area in percentage of forest total area

More than 20% 10 to 20% 5 to 10% Less than 5% Not protected

Major legal large scale conservation mechanisms

committed to work towards these Glo- bal Objectives by 2015 (UN 2007). In relation to protected areas, inter- national organizations such as the World Wildlife (WWF), the Inter- national Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and its World Com- mission on Protected Areas (WCPA) have done much to establish a repre- sentative network of protected areas around the world. As of 2006, countries had designated over 63 000 protected areas encompassing nearly 1 600 mil- lion hectares (UNEP-WCMC 2008), an area nearly the size of Russia. Some 43 500 protected areas of which the year

VITAL FOREST GRAPHICS 59