Vital Caspian Graphics - Challenges Beyond Caviar

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Uncertainty regarding future variations in the sea level is holding back the devel- opment of many coastal zones suitable for holiday amenities or the construction of ports. It also complicates further off- shore oil prospecting, currently expand- ing in the north-east corner of the sea, off the coasts of Kazakhstan and Russia. The very shallow water in this part poses problems of access and safety.

The construction of a large number of dams and in- dustrial facilities on the rivers feeding the Caspian has caused a significant change in the quantity of water inflow. The creation of a succession of large reservoirs, especially on the lower and middle Volga, has led to significant losses in flow rate due to ad- ditional evaporation from the surface of the water. Coupled with unsustainable water consumption, in particular in connection with irrigation, the river flow rate is now only 10 % of the natural levels.