Vital Caspian Graphics 2

4

Oil exports via The Black and Mediterranean Seas

The marks of human activity

6

To China

Ukraine

CPC pipeline

Uzbekistan

Kazakhstan

24

Russia

AZOV SEA

51

5.1

Odessa

Moldova

28

7.6

Chechnya

Novorossiysk

Romania

Turkmenistan Turkmenbashi

Abkhazia

3

Sebastopol

Constanta

Georgia

Supsa

6.5

Bulgaria

Varna

Baku

BLACK SEA

Azerbaijan

Armenia

CASPIAN

Exports through selected pipelines

O il slicks glittering on the surface of the sea and thousands of hectares of soil penetrated by leakage from abandoned wells are just part of the pollution that people living around the Caspian Sea must endure. In addition there are various industries, particularly chemicals and mining, large-scale irrigated farming and untreated household waste. Combined with the effects of the oil, all these forms of pollution have a serious impact on the well-being of humans and wildlife.

3 1.5

SEA

BTC CPC

2002

Turkey

Bosphorus and Dardanelles

BTC pipeline

2007

Iran

2009

38

Iraq

2009

2015 Projections

Ceyhan

Syria

0 Million tonnes per year

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Note: Russia’s exports in the map refer to 2007.

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

To China 9

Kazakhstan

CPC pipeline

Uzbekistan

Russia

AZOV SEA

4

Odessa

67

7

Chechnya

Novorossiysk

Turkmenistan Turkmenbashi

2

Sebastopol

Abkhazia

Many opportunities are offeredby theCaspianSea region. It is important that they are handled with care in order to maintain the rich biological and mineral resources over a long time. The natural wealth of the region around the Caspian Sea in mineral resources also involves high metal concentrations. Industrial activities, in particular mining, are raising the metal concentration in sediments to levels exceeding permissible limits. The increased activity on oil drilling platforms and the extension of transport options is important for economic development and employment. But if it is not managed sustainably it is bound to heighten the risk of accidents at sea. Exploitation of the offshore reserves in the northern part of the sea, where the water is very shallow, involves specific risks. Depending on the season (ice forms in some places in winter) access may be very difficult in the event of an accident.

Constanta

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Supsa

Varna

Baku

BLACK SEA

CASPIAN SEA

Armenia

3

Neka

Turkey

Bosphorus and Dardanelles

BTC pipeline

Iran

62

Projections 2015

Ceyhan

Note: Russia’s forecasts not available, even though the flux will remains active.

MAP BY PHILIPPE REKACEWICZ AND LAURA MARGUERITTE Updated in September 2010

Cyprus

MEDITERRANEAN SEA

500 km

0

Russia Kazakhstan Azerbaijan

Turkmenistan Oil terminal Forecasts not available

Arrows are proportional to the volume of oil exportation (in million tonnes per year).

Source: vv, Oil Flows and Export Capacity in the Caspian Sea and Black Sea Regions, 2008; IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010; EIA on line database, 2008.

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