Towards Sustainable Energy Services for Households and Small Businesses

Towards sustainable energy services for households and small businesses – barriers and recommendations

CONTENTS

1 BACKGROUND........................................................................................................................................................... 2 2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................................................. 2 3 BARRIERS................................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Barriers arranged by stakeholder group ........................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 Barriers for and with end users................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.2 Barriers for promotion (NGOs) ................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.3 Barriers in governmental policy ................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Barriers arranged by category .......................................................................................................................... 5 Each category of identified barriers to sustainable energy services is further defined. .............................................. 5 3.2.1 Institutional ............................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Awareness / information .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.2.3 Financial and economic............................................................................................................................. 6 3.2.4 Markets ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.5 Technical ................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.6 Training and capacity development.......................................................................................................... 7 3.2.7 Social/ community interest ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.8 Policy ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 Barriers arranged by causality .......................................................................................................................... 8 4 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................................................... 8 5 RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................................................. 10 5.1 Policy recommendations................................................................................................................................. 10 5.1.1 Financial and institutional ....................................................................................................................... 10 5.1.2 Awareness and social considerations locally .......................................................................................... 10 5.1.3 Increase the capacities of stakeholders .................................................................................................. 11 5.2 Improved energy services as a part of (other) important development activities ......................................... 11 5.2.1 Traditional cooking.................................................................................................................................. 11 5.2.2 Modern service in education and health care ........................................................................................ 11 5.3 From low efficient and fossil fuel to more sustainable solutions ................................................................... 12 5.3.1 Efficient fuel for cooking, phase out charcoal ........................................................................................ 12 5.3.2 Electricity instead of kerosene for light .................................................................................................. 12 5.3.3 Solar, charge-in or mini-grids instead of non-rechargeable batteries .................................................... 12 5.3.4 Stable electrical supply to phase out the use of diesel generators ........................................................ 12 5.3.5 Motors for businesses – new productive use ......................................................................................... 12 5.3.6 Nega-watt – the forgotten source .......................................................................................................... 13 5.4 Contributions from NGOs ............................................................................................................................... 13 6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Annex 1: Terms of reference ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Annex 2: List of respondents ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Annex 3: Minutes from the interviews ....................................................................................................................... 16 Centre for Rural Technology, Nepal........................................................................................................................ 16 Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological Development Association – India .................................................. 17 All Women’s Conference – India............................................................................................................................. 18 Development Alternatives – India .......................................................................................................................... 19 INFORSE member NGO – Senegal ........................................................................................................................... 21 Young Volunteers for the Environment – Togo ...................................................................................................... 22 Tanzania Traditional Energy Development and Environment Organisation – Tanzania ........................................ 23 Friends of the Earth – Argentina............................................................................................................................. 23 World Changers – Bolivia/ Norway ......................................................................................................................... 23

1