Towards Sustainable Energy Services for Households and Small Businesses

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1 BACKGROUND	3
2 SCOPE OF THE REPORT	3
3 BARRIERS	5
3.1 Barriers arranged by stakeholder group	5
3.1.1 Barriers for and with end users	5
3.1.2 Barriers for promotion (NGOs)	5
3.1.3 Barriers in governmental policy	6
3.2 Barriers arranged by category	6
Each category of identified barriers to sustainable energy services is further defined	6
3.2.1 Institutional	6
3.2.2 Awareness / information	7
3.2.3 Financial and economic	7
3.2.4 Markets	8
3.2.5 Technical	8
3.2.6 Training and capacity development	8
3.2.7 Social/ community interest	9
3.2.8 Policy	9
3.3 Barriers arranged by causality	9
4 DISCUSSION	9
5 RECOMMENDATIONS	11
5.1 Policy recommendations	11
5.1.1 Financial and institutional	11
5.1.2 Awareness and social considerations locally	11
5.1.3 Increase the capacities of stakeholders	12
5.2 Improved energy services as a part of (other) important development activities	12
5.2.1 Traditional cooking	12
5.2.2 Modern service in education and health care	12
5.3 From low efficient and fossil fuel to more sustainable solutions	13
5.3.1 Efficient fuel for cooking, phase out charcoal	13
5.3.2 Electricity instead of kerosene for light	13
5.3.3 Solar, charge-in or mini-grids instead of non-rechargeable batteries	13
5.3.4 Stable electrical supply to phase out the use of diesel generators	13
5.3.5 Motors for businesses – new productive use	13
5.3.6 Nega-watt – the forgotten source	14
5.4 Contributions from NGOs	14
6 REFERENCES	15
ANNEXES	16
Annex 1: Terms of reference	16
Annex 2: List of respondents	17
Annex 3: Minutes from the interviews	17

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