The State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment

Industrial hazardous waste in the Mediterranean countries

Croatia r ti

Industrial hazardous waste production Tonnes per million Euros of industrial GDP stri l h z r s st r cti s r illi r s of industrial I

France r c

Spain S i

Lebanon Lebanon

35 35

30 30

l

i

Slovenia

Bosnia and Herzegovina s i rz i

25 25

Italy It l

More than 300 000 r t a GDP from industry Millions Euro fr i str illi s r

Greece r c

20 20

15 15

r

Turkey

l

i

Albania

t

150 to 200

10 10

Less than 50 L ss t a

Source: Plan Bleu, Plan for the reduction by 20% by 2010 of the generation of hazardous wastes from industrial installations for the Mediterranean region , 2004. Source: Plan Bleu, Plan for the reduction by 20 by 2010 of the generation of hazardous astes from industrial installations for the editerranean region , 2004.

5

5

Malta Malta

Cyprus Cyprus

Tunisia Tunisia

Syria ri

Morocco r cc

Algeria l ri

Israel Isr l

t

i

Egypt

Libya

0

0

Mining and manufacturing The lack of major iron and, especially, coal reserves within the Mediterranean Basin influenced the industrial development path of the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Steel production has been concentrated in the north (Italy, France, Spain, Turkey and Greece), with a few producers in the south (Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia). Other mining activity in the Medi- terranean has focused on mercury (Spain), phosphates (Mo- rocco, and Tunisia), chromite (Albania and Turkey), lead, salt, bauxite (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Greece, Slo- venia and Montenegro) and zinc (Spain and Morocco) (EEA and UNEP 1999).

resources and fight against land degradation). Despite their appar- ent fragility, Mediterranean forest landscapes have been shaped by human activities and have demonstrated for several centuries their strong resilience to changes of anthropogenic origins. How- ever, today they are facing a threat of unprecedented magnitude dominated by climate change and the increase in population that they will have to adapt to in the coming decades. More than a third of the economic value of Mediterranean forests is linked to the pro- duction of wood forest products followed by recreation services, watershed regulation, grazing by cattle and the production of non- wood forest products altogether accounting in similar proportions for half of the remaining economic value (FAO/FD 2011).

FRANCE

SLOVENIA

CROATIA

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

MONTENEGRO

ITALY

ALBANIA

TURKEY

SPAIN

SYRIA

MALTA

GREECE

CYPRUS

MOROCCO

LEBANON

ISRAEL

TUNISIA

ALGERIA

LIBYA

EGYPT

29

INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN