The State of the Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Environment

include the ratification of the 1995 Dumping Protocol so it en- ters into force, the identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) proposed by MAP and its RAC/SPA; the 2005 Decision by the GFCM to restrict bottom trawling in all waters below 1.000 meters; and the many bilateral and subre- gional agreements fostering improved understanding and har- monised management. The most important of all developments may well be the dedication shown to fostering the Ecosystem Approach. Under this available technology and tools can now be harnessed to better assess what changes are taking place, why, and how to craft effective management responses. This move to- wards a more ecosystem-based approach is timely, coming at a time when ecosystems, though facing multiple threats, are still healthy and productive enough to be able to respond positively to improved management.

generations” is in evidence after the extensive work undertaken four decades in the framework of the Barcelona Convention, its Protocols and the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Devel- opment. The major issues described above are the base for the Ecological Objectives of the Ecosystem Approach that were en- dorsed by the Contracting Parties in February 2012. Strong signals suggest steps towards better management have already been taken, for instance, the entry into force in 2011 of the 2008 Protocol on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Under this Protocol, Contracting Parties are committed to establish a common framework for the integrated manage- ment of the Mediterranean coastal zone and to take the neces- sary measures to strengthen regional cooperation for this pur- pose. Additional milestones in coastal and marine management

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SUMMARY FOR POLICY MAKERS