The Socio-Economics of the West, Central and Southern African Coastal Communities

Appendix H Economic Instruments for Sustainable Fisheries, Pollution Prevention and Control, and Financing Biodiversity Conservation: Resources Cited in Interwies (2011).

Economic Instruments

Relevant Material

Transferable Rights of Fishing Quotas Similar to cap-and-trade, individual fishing quotas are distributed to eligible fishermen who are allocated a specific portion of the total allowable catch. Interwies (2011), p. 60.

The PEW Environment Group (2009). The Pew Environment Group‘s European Marine Programme contribution to the consultation on the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, December 2009: Annex III Design Matters - Making Catch Shares Work , http:// www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/peg/publications/report/ catchsharepdf.pdf

Kerr, S., S. James, R. Newell. (2002). Fishing Quota Markets, Discussion Papers dp-02- 20 , Resources For the Future, http://www.rff.org/documents/RFF-DP-02-20.pdf

Elimination of Environmentally Harmful Subsidies Harmful subsidies include: • Subsidies encouraging over-investment in fishing capacity • Buy-back programmes of older boats for modernized boats with increased fishing capacity • Contradictory regulations allowing people to ignore fishing laws • Laws with unintended effects such as the prohibition of selling by-catch leading to increased discards Interwies (2011), p. 60. Eco-labelling Encourages sustainable fishing practices by allowing producers to differentiate their products. Interwies (2011), p. 61. Increased Capacity for Small-scale Fisheries Contributes to poverty alleviation and the well-being of coastal communities. Interwies (2011), p. 61. Global and national instruments must address IUU fisheries. The OECD definition for IUU fishing is “fishing activities that are inconsistent with or in contravention of the management or conservation measures in force for a particular fishery.” Interwies (2011), p. 62 (citing OECD (2004)). Prevention of Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Fisheries

Commission of the European Communities (2009). Green Paper – Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy , COM(2009)163 final, Brussels, http://eurlex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0163:FIN:EN:PDF.

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), http://www.msc.org

FAO (2009). FAOAppendix 1: Guidelines for the Ecolabelling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine Capture Fisheries, Revision 1 , Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/ i1948e/i1948e08.pdf FAO (2005b): Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security, technical guidelines for responsible fisheries , ftp://ftp.fao.org/ docrep/fao/008/a0237e/a0237e00.pdf OECD (2004). Fish Piracy: Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing . OECD, OECD Publishing, http://www.oecd.org/tad/fisheries/fishpiracycombating illegalunreportedandunregulatedfishing.htm EFTEC (2008): Costs of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in EU Fisheries , http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2008/11/04/costs-of- illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-iuu-fishing-in-eu-fisheries EJF (2007). Pirate Fish on Your Plate – Tracking illegally-caught fish from West Africa into the European market . Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. http:// ejfoundation.org/sites/default/files/public/pirate_fish_on_your_plate_ejf.pdf EJF (2009). Lowering the Flag – Ending the use of Flags of Convenience by Pirate Fishing Vessels . Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. http://ejfoundation.org/ sites/default/files/public/Lowering%20the%20flag.pdf EJF (2009). Dirty Fish – How EU Hygiene Standards facilitate illegal fishing in West Africa . Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. http://ejfoundation.org/ sites/default/files/public/report-dirty%20fish.pdf

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