The Socio-Economics of the West, Central and Southern African Coastal Communities

4.1 Summary of the Economic Impact from theWest, Central and Southern African LMEs

Namibia’s estimated TEI from ocean ecosystems plays a larger part, constituting approximately 22 per cent of its relatively small US$ 6.7 billion GDP (2006 dollars). 200 The estimated 86,200 jobs (various years) supported by BCLME fisheries, mariculture and recreational fishing sectors are also of great socioeconomic importance to these countries, specifically South Africa, which benefits from the most jobs generated (Figure 13) and the largest estimated wage impact (Figure 12). 201 This is particularly advantageous for SouthAfrica as it suffers froma lower national employment ratio (39 per cent in 2014) than both Angola (65 per cent in 2014) and Namibia (48 per cent in 2014). 202 Likewise, the GCLME and CCLME services have a tremendous economic impact of roughly $28.9 billion (Figure 25). 203 The GCLME’s estimated US$ 17.2 billion impact is 5 per cent of the GCLME countries’ summed GDPs (US$ 346 billion in 2009), while the CCLME’s estimated US$ 11.7 billion is 11 per cent of the CCLME countries’ summed GDPs (US$ 106 billion in 2009). 204,205 The greatest share of this impact appears to be from the GCLME’s fisheries sector and the CCLME’s “opportunities for tourism and recreation” (Figure 25). 206

The services provided by coastal and ocean ecosystems are critical to the west, central and southern African economies. While some of the estimated values summarized here might seem quite large – such as the GCLME fisheries DOI or the CCLME “opportunities for tourism and recreation” – these studies are only a first attempt to estimate the economic value and contribution of the west, central and southern African ocean and coastal ecosystems. This is a challenging undertaking which must still overcome big hurdles in terms of data collection and analysis. Although BLCME coastal ecosystem services are not examined, the ocean ecosystem services reviewed (including fisheries, mariculture and recreational fisheries) have a significant economic effect on the three BCLME countries. The estimated DOI of these ecosystem services totals US$ 602 million (Figure 25) and, after multipliers are applied, these services provide an estimated TEI of US$ 2.35 billion and wage impact of US$ 472 million (Figure 12). 199 For Angola and South Africa, each country’s calculated TEI estimate from fisheries, mariculture and recreational fisheries is approximately 1.1 per cent and 0.2 per cent of their respective US$ 35 billion (2006 dollars) and US$ 227 billion GDPs (2006 dollars). Meanwhile,

20,000

Coastal Provisioning & Regulating Services

$17,233

18,000

Fish Nurseries

16,000

Tourism (GCLME)/Opportunities for Tourism (CCLME) Biodiversity & Cultural Services Biodiv MSY Fisheries (minus nurseries)

14,000

$11,696 $11,696

12,000 US$ Millions per year U on r 10,000 10,0 8,000 6,000 00

DOI Fisheries

4,000

$602

2,000

0

GCLME

CCLME

BCLME

Sources: Sumaila (2015), Interwies (2011); Interwies and Görlitz (2013).

Figure 25: Economic Impact from the BCLME, GCLME and CCLME Coastal and Ocean Ecosystems. Source: Sumaila (2015), Interwies (2011) and Interwies and Görlitz (2013).

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