The Socio-Economics of the West, Central and Southern African Coastal Communities

is the product of the DOI and a “wage impact multiplier”. 100 The estimated TEI of US$ 2.35 billion and wage impact of US$ 472 million demonstrate a much larger economic impact that extends beyond the initial DOI of US$ 602 million and the 75,000 people employed in BCLME fisheries, mariculture and recreational fisheries (Figure 11) (see also appendix A). 101

services. 98 The “Total Economic Impact” (TEI) is calculated by multiplying the DOI and an “input-output multiplier” to reflect the additional benefits that come from secondary economic activities such as boat building, production of tin for canning, international transport, and management services for retail distribution. 99 Similarly, the “wage impact”

2,350.3

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

602.2 6 .

472.4

500

US$ millions per year

0

Wage Impact of BCLME Wage Impact

DOI of BCLME DOI o

TEI of BCLME TE

Recreational Fisheries

70.4

125.4

49.1

Mariculture

14.8

49.9

10.3

Fisheries

517

2175

414

Source: Sumaila (2015).

Figure 11: The Primary and Secondary Economic Impact of the BCLME (US$ millions per year). Source: Sumaila (2015).

2,500

2,000

1,500 1

Millions US$ U 1,000

500

0

Direct Output Impact

Wage Impact

Total Economic Impact

Angola

115.6

393.7

83.7

Namibia

313.3

1485.6

274

South Africa

173.3

471

114.7

602.2

472.4

Total

2350.3

Figure 12: Economic Impact of the BCLME (US$ millions per year). Source: Sumaila (2015).

22