The Socio-Economics of the West, Central and Southern African Coastal Communities

Angola $1.7

Angola 1,161

Namibia $1.7

Namibia 1,640

South Africa 7,108

South Africa $11.4

Figure 7: Direct Output Impact from BCLME Mariculture in US$ millions. Source: Sumaila (2015).

Figure 8: Number of People Employed in BCLME Mariculture. Source: Sumaila (2015).

BCLME Mariculture

marine life populations. 95 For the three BCLME countries, total expenditure by MRA participants is estimated at US$ 70.4 million (2003). This figure serves as a proxy for the DOI (the product of price and quantity) (see appendix A). 96 As with mariculture, South Africa receives the largest benefit from the recreational fisheries sector. 97 While the number of annual MRA participants (2003) for Angola and Namibia are estimated at 30,000 and 20,000 respectively, South Africa has an estimated total of 398,000 participants, producing a DOI of US$ 52.9million—almost six times that of Angola or Namibia (Figure 9). The number of jobs generated in relation to the number of participants is relatively high in Angola (316 jobs) and Namibia (281 jobs) compared with South Africa (667 jobs) (Figure 10).

The total annual BCLME mariculture harvest for all three countries is 4,926 tons 90 with, based on ex-farm prices, an estimated DOI of US$ 14.8 million (see appendix A). BCLME mariculture employs an estimated 9,909 people (year not given). 91 South Africa’s annual 3,806 ton harvest is over six times that of either Angola or Namibia and therefore has a much larger economic impact, 92 maintaining an estimated US$ 11.4 million DOI – almost seven times that of either Angola or Namibia’s $1.7 million DOI (Figure 7). In South Africa, mariculture employs 7,108 people; compared with 1,161 for Angola or 1,640 for Namibia (Figure 8). 93

BCLME Recreational Fisheries

Use of Multipliers

Sumaila (2015) considers recreational fishing, 94 whale watching and diving to be marine recreational activities (MRAs). These ecosystem services directly rely on BCLME

Sumaila (2015) extends the BCLME analysis by estimating the “multiplier effects” associated with ocean ecosystem

Angola $8.9

Angola 316

Namibia $8.6

South Africa 667 ca 7

South Africa $52.9

Namibia 281 N 1

Figure 9: Direct Output Impact from BCLME Recreational Fisheries in US$ millions (2003). Source: Sumaila (2015).

Figure 10: Number of People Employed in BCLME Recreational Fisheries (2003). Source: Sumaila (2015).

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