The Socio-Economics of the West, Central and Southern African Coastal Communities

Modular Assessments For Sustainable Development

PRODUCTIVITY MODULE INDICATORS Photosynthetic activity Zooplankton diversity Oceanographic variability Zooplankton biomass Ichthyoplankton biodiversity

POLLUTION & ECOSYSTEM HEALTH MODULE INDICATORS Eutrophication Biotoxins Pathology Emerging disease Health Indices Multiple marine ecological disturbances Health Indices FISH AND FISHERIES MODULE INDICATORS Biodiversity Finfish Shellfish Demersal species Pelagic species

POLLUTION & ECOSYSTEM HEALTH

FISH & FISHERIES

PRODUCTIVITY

GOVERNANCE

SOCIOECONOMIC MODULE INDICATORS Integrated assessments Human forcing Sustainability of long-term socioeconomic benefits

SOCIOECONOMICS

GOVERNANCE MODULE INDICATORS Stakeholder participation Adaptive management

Figure 3: The Five-Module Approach to Ecosystem-Based Management. Source: Sherman and Hempel, p. 8.

incorporates the final indicator – governance. The purpose of the SAP is to design management regimes that can be adapted in accordance with TDA updates. 37

Advancements in Management Processes of West, Central and Southern African LMEs

The three west, central and southern African LME management regimes are at different stages in working towards their SDGs. The BCLME’s regional management was the first LME in the world to have a fully ratified convention, the Benguela Current Convention (BCC). In 1999, the BCC developed its first TDA and SAP and in 2013, it again carried out the TDA process, creating a supplemental implementation plan and updating relevant documents for the period 2015 to 2019. 38 In 2004, GEF funding expanded the GCLME programme to include all 16 countries and in 2012, the countries decided to establish a permanent Guinea Current Commission (GCC) by a protocol to the Abidjan Convention. 39 The GCLME countries are committed to implementing their agreed SAP and associated National Action Plans (NAPs). 40 Meanwhile, the CCLME has completed a TDA, but has yet to finalize a SAP, create a legal framework for the CCLME or establish a formal commission. 41

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