The Rise of Environmental Crime: A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security

Reducing deforestation in Brazil Law enforcement and policies adopted

Fighting deforestation becomes a national priority Plan for Protection and Combating Deforestation in the Amazon (PPCDAM)

The Brazilian Institute for Space Research launches DEGRAD

A system for detection of forest degradation

The Brazilian Institute for Space Research launches DETER A system for detection of deforestation in real time Large police campaign against illegal logging and deforestation

PPCDAM phase 2 break the economic chain that upholds deforestation

Slow-down in creation of protected areas and Indigenous land

Public Forest Law Regulates forest concessions Soy moratorium

Annual deforestation Thousand square kilometres

Green Municipalities Program Restrict access to credit for municipalities with high deforestation rates

30

The Forest Code increases the size of the "legal reserve" Each property in the Amazon has to maintain 80% forest cover

Amazon Fund is created

25

New Forest Code Amnesty for previous illegal deforestation

Embargo on products coming from deforested areas

20

15

Beef moratorium

10

5

0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Source: Nepstad, D., et. al., Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains, Science, 2014

Figure 13: The successful 76% reduction in deforestation in Brazilian Amazon was achieved through unity of command and unity of efforts. A task-force involving 13 ministries was created to elaborate a plan for combating deforestation. This plan, which became operational in March 2005, included actions within three areas: command and control (or law enforcement), regulariza- tion of land use and tenure, and incentives for sustainable economic activities (Source: Nepstad, 2014).

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