The Rise of Environmental Crime: A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security

Illegal logging and log laundering

Illegal logging and log laundering

Country A

Country B

Getting "cross border permits" through bribes Country A

Country B

Cutting

Getting "cross border permits" through bribes

Cutting

Re-importing

Illegal cutting

Re-importing

Smuggling

Illegal cutting

Transport

Smuggling

Protected area

Milling

Transport

Protected area

Milling

Hacking to obtain false road transport or logging permits

Mixing illegal timber with legal local timber

Concession

Hacking t obtai false road transport or logging permits

Mixing illegal timber with legal local timber

Concession

Exporting

Exporting

Getting "permits" through bribes

Cutting wider along road corridors

Getting "permits" through bribes

Cutting wider along road corridors

Cutting down in and around palm oil plantations

Underreporting actual capacity and production in mills with a modest legal production

Cutting beyond concessions Cutting down in and around palm oil plantations

Underreporting actual capacity and production in mills with a modest legal production

Fake documents certifying production from plantations

Cutting down in and around palm oil plantations

Fake documents certifying production from plantations

Cutting down in and around palm oil plantations

Cutting beyond concessions

Exporting

Processing roundwood into paper, chips or paper before exporting, making traceability very difficult or impossible Exporting

Plantation

Processing r u dwood i to paper, chips or paper before exporting, making traceability very difficult or impossible

Plantation

Illegal operation

Illegal operation

Laundering operation

Laundering operation

Source: UNEP, INTERPOL, Green Carbon, Black Trade: Illegal Logging, Tax Fraud and Laundering in the Worlds Tropical Forests, 2013; Personal communication with Dr. Christian Nelleman, GRID-Arendal

Legal operation

Source: UNEP, INTERPOL, Green Carbon, Black Trade: Illegal Logging, Tax Fraud and Laundering in the Worlds Tropical Forests, 2013; Personal communication with Dr. Christian Nelleman, GRID-Arendal

Legal operation

54 Illegal logging and log laundering Figure 8: Over 30 different illegal logging and illicit wood laundering methods have been identified by UNEP and INTERPOL.