The Rise of Environmental Crime: A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security

CITES listed as Appendix I. 111 No reliable estimate exists on the level of illegal killing of Asian elephants. However one recent study from southern India found poaching to be responsible for 40% of elephant deaths, and 82% of male elephants. 112 Unlike the African elephant, where both males and females have tusks, only Asian elephant males have larger tusks, making them heavily targeted, which can skew populations. 113

and South Africa, with one quarter in East Africa. Poaching hotspots include Pendjari (Benin); Garamba (DRC); Niassa (Mozambique); Katavi-Rukva, Ruaha-Rungwa and Selous-Mi- kumi (all Republic of Tanzania). 108 An estimated 39,500–43,500 wild Asian Elephants exist across 13 range states, with at least half living in India. 109 The Asian elephant is IUCN red listed as endangered, 110 and

Primary ivory tra cking routes in Tanzania

Bukoba

Machakos

Musoma

Lake Victoria

Kigali

Konza

RWANDA

Lamu

Namanga

KENYA

Biharamulo Ngara

Nyahanga

Witu

Mwanza

BURUNDI

Tsavo

Geita

Cankuzo

Ngorongoro

Malindi

Arusha

Bujumbura

Kakonko

Moshi

Oldeani

Voi

Ruyigi

Kili

Shinyanga

Bururi

Mbulu

Kahama

Mombasa

Makamba

Same

Nzega

Kanyato

Babati

Kasulu

Singida

Tanga

Kigoma

Wete Chake Chake

TANZANIA

Tabora

Uvinza

Korogwe

Itigi

Sikonge

Mkokotoni Zanzibar

Manyoni

Mpanda

Dodoma

Bagamoyo

Mpwapwa Kilosa Mikumi

Dar es Salaam

Karema

Morogoro

Lake Tanganyika

Kibaha

Kipili

Kibiti

Iringa

Kilindoni

Sumbawanga

Ifakara

Mbeya

Mbala

Tunduma

Njombe

Tukuyu

Kawambwa

Chitipa

Lindi

ZAMBIA

Karonga

Kasama

Mtwara

Chinsali

Songea

Masasi

Tunduru

Mbamba Bay

Mocimboa

Mzuzu Nkhata Bay

Lake Malawi

Mpika

Mzimba

Lundazi

MOZAMBICO

Pemba

Nkhotakota

Marrupa

Lichinga

Montepuez

Figure 6: Ivory trafficking routes in Tanzania. South-eastern Tanzania and Northern Mozambique represent one of the hardest hit areas of elephant poaching in the World, illegally exported through Burundi and Tanzania and Malawi to Southeast Asia and China. 114 Chipata MALAWI

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