The Last Stand of the Orangutan

Table 3: Probable timescale and effects of impacts of conservation measures on illegal logging (continued) .

Probable effects

Responses Combat corruption

Short term Low

Long term Moderate

Conditions, forces Corruption is rampant at all levels of institutions, affects all elements in supply chain of timber harvest- ing and concession system Very effective, but difficult to implement due to large number of ports, vessels and shipping lanes. Requires massive moni- toring and law enforcement Very effective but requires clear mandate, massive equipment, training and law enforcement Good systems for private sector financing of the forest industry are lacking, creates unsustain- able use and inappropriate incentives. Release of debt pressure on forest processing plants can have major effect on demand for forest resources Important for assessment of for- est conditions and response mea- sures, no direct effect on actions No short term effect on major driving forces or impact factors, possible moderate long term ef- fects through increased awareness Increased transparency and dis- closure of critical information can sensitize some stakeholders and increase awareness Well targeted advocacy can dis- close criminal actions, and/or mobilize powerful interests

Recommended actions Prosecution of actors involved Public disclosure of cases involving public officials, timber mafia heads and corporations Task force to control ports and transpor- tation corridors, seizure of log ship- ments at ports, quarantines of ships, prosecution of shipping compani4es and owners Surveillance and patrolling of salient timber and biodiversity habitats, block- ing of illegal constructed roads, confisca- tion of equipment, closing of saw mills operating without concession Increase investments in the legitimate forest industry Resolve bank and debt issues related to forestry assets and non-performing loans Include monitoring in management plans for all national parks and buffer zones Integrate knowledge on environmental concerns and sustainable development in education curricula, both in consum- er and producer countries Consumer awareness campaigns Ensure public access to monitoring data, especially within producer country

Cut off shipping routes

High

High

Controlling access to pro- tected areas

High

High

Financial regulation

Low

Moderate

Monitoring

Low

Low (High)

General education

Low

Low/ moderate

Public information disclo- sure

Low

Low

Advocacy

Low/ moderate

Low/ moderate

Targeting of root causes vs. powerful institutions

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