The Contribution of Space Technologies to Arctic Policy Priorities

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Policy Implications Sovereignty N/A Safety N/A Environment Protection of habitat and avoidance of population depletion. Economic Development

Annually, international wildlife trade is estimated to be worth billions of dollars and includes hundreds of millions of plant and animal specimens. The trade is diverse, ranging from live animals and plants to a vast array of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exotic leather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios and medicines. CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction from species covered by the Convention must be authorized through a licensing system.

Indigenous and Social Development

Protection of natural habitat on which indigenous people depend.

Capability to: yy Monitor and assess populations of species

Capability Requirements

yy Monitor what species are used for yy Monitor, identify and track the trade yy Assess the effect of trade yy Assess ecosystems and habitats yy Adequately react when trade is not following the provisions of the convention

yy Undertake scientific and technical studies to contribute to the implementation of the Convention, including studies concerning standards for appropriate preparation and shipment of living specimens and the means of identifying specimens.

Information on: yy Effects of trade on the status of the species yy Natural habitat of species yy Habitat loss yy Level of exploitation

Information Requirements

yy What the species is used for yy Status of the species & trends yy High risk areas yy Typical and atypical trade routes

B.2.12 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) Facts in Brief Jurisdiction: 116 Parties. Of the Arctic states: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are Parties.

Responsible Organizations: Respective Governments of the Parties. A Scientific Council, consisting of experts appointed by individual member States and by the COP, gives advice on technical and scientific matters. Status: CMS was adopted on 23 June 1979 and entered into force on 1983. Supplementary agreements Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS) African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) Type: CMS acts as a framework Convention. The Agreements may range from legally binding treaties (called Agreements) to less formal instruments, such as Memoranda of Understanding, and can be adapted to the requirements of particular regions. The development of models tailored according to the conservation needs throughout the migratory range is a unique capacity to CMS. Countries do not have to be a party to the parent convention to be able to join one of its associate agreements. These agreements can be adapted to the requirements of particular regions with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of the Convention’s efforts. Coverage: Geographic areas belonging to the respective Parties and all the areas of land or water that a migratory species inhabits, stays in temporarily, crosses or overflies at any time on its normal migration route Web link: http://www.cms.int/documents/convtxt/cms_convtxt.htm The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their range. It is an intergovernmental treaty, concluded under the aegis of UNEP, concerned with the conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global scale. The Convention brings together the states through which migratory animals pass, and lays the legal foundation for conservation measures throughout the species’ migratory range. Measures are embedded in detailed conservation and management plans. The common goal is achieved by two means: yy Concerted actions for endangered species, and yy Co-operative agreements for migratory species that have an unfavourable conservation status.

Policy Objectives

CONTRIBUTION OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO ARCTIC POLICY PRIORITIES 74