The Contribution of Space Technologies to Arctic Policy Priorities

C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 – ILO169 Policy Implications Sovereignty

Many indigenous peoples have been involuntarily divided or separated by state borders that run across their territories and hamper contact for members of their people divided by the border (e.g. the Sami people). Governments shall take appropriate measures, including by means of international agreements, to facilitate contacts and co-operation between indigenous and tribal peoples across borders, including activities in the economic, social, cultural, spiritual and environmental fields. The policy has implications on the availability of health services to indigenous and tribal peoples. Protection and preservation of the environment of the territories inhabited by indigenous and tribal peoples. Areas for traditional use (fisheries, reindeer husbandry) must be safeguarded Handicrafts, rural and community-based industries, and subsistence economy and traditional activities of the peoples concerned, are to be promoted and strengthened. The policy also promotes the effective protection with regard to recruitment and conditions of employment of workers belonging to these peoples. It also establishes the need to consult with peoples before exploration or exploitation of natural resources happen on their land and participate in the benefits of such activities or receive compensation for the damages resulting from them. Non-discrimination of indigenous peoples, special measures, special recognition, consultation and participation, as well as right to decide priorities. Contribution to peoples’ aspiration to exercise control over their own institutions, ways of life and economic development and to maintain and develop their identities, languages and religions, within the framework of the States in which they live. Social security schemes shall be extended progressively to cover the peoples concerned, and applied without discrimination against them.

Safety

Environment

Economic Development

Indigenous and Social Development

Capability to: yy Ensure coherence among the various government institutions that hold responsibilities vis-à-vis indigenous peoples; yy Establish adequate institutions and mechanisms with the necessary resources that enable them to fulfill their function; yy Develop special measures to safeguard the persons, institutions, property, labour, cultures and environment of indigenous peoples; yy Establish institutionalized mechanisms that ensure adequate consultation and participation of indigenous peoples in all stages of implementation, including planning, co-ordination, execution and evaluation yy Analyze and amend existing laws, policies and programs in all sectors, in consultation with the peoples concerned, to ensure that these are in line with the Convention yy Distribution of lands with the same or better quality inhabited and used by indigenous and tribal peoples. yy Distribution and status of natural resources within the lands inhabited and used by indigenous and tribal peoples. yy Information on land use by indigenous and tribal peoples including rural activities, hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering. yy Information on social and cultural identity and customs of indigenous peoples yy Distribution of service facilities (health, education) in the vicinity of the lands inhabited by indigenous and tribal peoples. yy Information on existing laws yy Distribution of the population of indigenous and tribal peoples yy Distribution of the lands inhabited and used by indigenous and tribal peoples. Jurisdiction: 193 Parties. Of the Arctic States, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Russian Federation, and Iceland are Parties to the Convention, but USA, though a signatory, has not ratified it yet. Responsible Organizations: The governments of the contracting Parties. However, unlike other international agreements that set compulsory targets and obligations, the CBD takes a flexible approach to implementation. It identifies general goals and policies, and countries are free to determine how they want to implement them. Status: The text of the convention was adopted 5 June 1992 and entered into force on 29 December 1993. Supplementary agreements to the CBD: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of the Convention, also known as the Biosafety Protocol, was adopted in January 2000. The Protocol entered into force on 11 September 2003. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits. It was adopted on 29 October 2010 and will enter into force 90 days after the deposit of the 50 th instrument of ratification. Type: International legally binding treaty Coverage: Global. The provisions of the CBD apply to the areas within national jurisdiction of each Party with respect to biological diversity, and to areas within and beyond its national jurisdiction with respect to activities and processes. The Convention recognizes that the conservation of biological diversity is “a common concern of humankind” and an integral part of the development process. Web link: http://www.cbd.int/convention/text/

Capability Requirements

Information Requirements

B.2.7 Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity Facts in Brief

69 B. INVENTORY OF ARCTIC POLICIES AND INDUSTRY INTERESTS