The Contribution of Space Technologies to Arctic Policy Priorities

8. Indigenous and Social Development .................................................................................................................... 41 8.1 Traditional Livelihoods, Culture and Rights . ..............................................................................................41 8.1.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................................41 8.1.2 Policy ................................................................................................................................................41 8.1.3 Role of Satellite Systems ............................................................................................................. 42 8.2 Education ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 8.2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 43 8.2.2 Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 43 8.2.3 Role of Satellite Systems ............................................................................................................. 43 8.3 Health .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 8.3.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 87 8.3.2 Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 43 8.3.3 Role of Satellite Systems ............................................................................................................. 44 8.4 Connectivity .................................................................................................................................................... 44 8.4.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 44 8.4.2 Policy ............................................................................................................................................... 44 8.4.3 Role of Satellite Systems ............................................................................................................. 44 B. Inventory of Arctic Policies and Industry Interests . ......................................................................................... 49 B.1 National Policies ............................................................................................................................................ 49 B.1.1 Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands . ............................................................................ 49 B.1.2 Sweden ........................................................................................................................................... 50 B.1.3 Finland .............................................................................................................................................51 B.1.4 Iceland . ............................................................................................................................................51 B.1.5 Norway ............................................................................................................................................ 52 B.1.6 Canada ............................................................................................................................................ 53 B.1.7 United States ................................................................................................................................. 55 B.1.8 Russia . ............................................................................................................................................ 56 B.1.9 China ............................................................................................................................................... 57 B.1.10 India . ............................................................................................................................................... 58 B.1.11 Germany ......................................................................................................................................... 58 B.1.12 France . ............................................................................................................................................ 59 B.1.13 The European Union Strategy for the Arctic Region ................................................................ 60 B.2 International Policies .................................................................................................................................... 62 B.2.1 Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic . ..... 62 B.2.2 Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area .............. 63 B.2.3 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ....................................................... 64 B.2.4 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ........................................ 65 B.2.5 Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic . ............................................................................................................................................ 67 9. Conclusions . ............................................................................................................................................................. 44 A. References . ............................................................................................................................................................... 46 C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 – ILO169 .......................................... 68 Convention on Biological Diversity ............................................................................................ 69 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal ..........................................................................................................71 SOLAS – International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea .............................................71 The MARPOL Convention ............................................................................................................. 72 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . ............................................................................................................................... 73 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) .................. 74 Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (RAMSAR Convention) . ................................................................................................ 75 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) ...................................... 76 Nordic Cooperation on Foreign and Security Policy ................................................................ 78 Industry Interests . ......................................................................................................................................... 78 Shipping – Royal Arctic Line ........................................................................................................ 78 Shipping – Tschudi Arctic Transit ................................................................................................ 79 Fishing – Nordland Havfiske . ...................................................................................................... 79 Mining – Baffinland’s Mary River Project . ................................................................................. 80 Mining – Norilsk Nickel . ............................................................................................................... 80 Oil and Gas – Overview .................................................................................................................81 B.2.9 B.2.10 B.2.11 B.2.12 B.2.13 B.2.14 B.2.15 B.3 B.3.1 B.3.2 B.3.3 B.3.4 B.3.5 B.3.6 B.2.6 B.2.7 B.2.8