The Contribution of Space Technologies to Arctic Policy Priorities

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................................... I

1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Objectives........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Report Structure. ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Defining Arctic Regions.................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Summary. .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Safety. ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Marine Transportation..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2 Air Transportation........................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Land Transportation. ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.4 Policing........................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.5 Search and Rescue. ........................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.6 Disaster Management. ................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Environment. ................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 Pollution........................................................................................................................................ 12 2.2.2 Climate Change. ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.2.3 Biodiversity. .................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.4 Environmental Protection. ............................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Sustainable Economic Development.............................................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Resource Development.................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2 Infrastructure................................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 Transportation Efficiency............................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Sovereignty.................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 National Boundaries...................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Border Protection. ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.3 Defence......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.4 Maintaining Presence.................................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Indigenous and Social Development.............................................................................................................. 14 2.5.1 Traditional Livelihoods. ................................................................................................................. 14 2.5.2 Health............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.5.3 Education. ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.4 Connectivity................................................................................................................................... 14 2.6 Satellite Systems........................................................................................................................................... 14 2.6.1 Communications............................................................................................................................ 14 2.6.2 Weather and Climate. .................................................................................................................... 15 2.6.3 Navigation..................................................................................................................................... 15 2.6.4 Earth Observation. ........................................................................................................................ 15 2.6.5 Surveillance................................................................................................................................... 15 2.6.6 Science.......................................................................................................................................... 16 3. The Status of Space Systems. ..................................................................................................................................16 3.1 Communications............................................................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Weather and Climate. .................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Navigation. .................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Earth Observation. ....................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Surveillance................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.6 Science.......................................................................................................................................................... 18 4. Safety . .....................................................................................................................................................................18 4.1 Marine Transportation. .................................................................................................................................. 18 4.1.1 Overview. ...................................................................................................................................... 18 4.1.2 Policy............................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1.3 Role of Satellite Systems............................................................................................................... 20 4.2 Air Transportation.......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.1 Overview. ...................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Policy............................................................................................................................................. 21 4.2.3 Role of Satellite Systems............................................................................................................... 21 4.3 Land Transportation....................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3.1 Overview. ...................................................................................................................................... 22