The Andean Glacier and Water Atlas

The effect of El Niño on weather in the Andes Th effect of El Niñ on weather in the Andes

Dry condit

Dry conditions

Dry conditions

Wet conditions

Wet conditions

Wet conditions

Rising of moist warm air

Rising of moist warm air

Rising of moist warm air

South East trade winds reversed or weakened

South East trade winds r v rsed or weak ned

Severe droughts Warmer summer Intense winter

Severe droughts Warmer summer Intense winter

S vere droughts Warmer su mer I tense winter

Warmwaters accumulates on South America’s coast

Warmwaters acc mulates on South America’s coast

uth

rainfall Dryer than usual Dr er than usual rainfall

t

Dryer than usual

D yer than usual

rainfall

Depth of the thermocline change, reducing upwelling of cold water

Depth of the thermocline change, reducing upwelling of cold water Depth of the thermocline chang , reducing upwelling of cold water

Warm ocean layer

Warm ocean layer

Cold ocean layer

Cold ocean layer

Cold and warm episodes Oceanic Niño Index

Cold and warm episodes Oceanic Niño Index

3,0

3,0

2,0 ld and warm episode eanic Niño Index ld and warm episode eanic Niño Index 2,0 2,5 Strong Very strong 2,5 Strong Very strong

1,5

1,5

Moderate

Moderate

1,0

1,0

Weak

Weak

0,5

0,5

Ve Ve

0,0

0,0

-0,5

-0,5

Weak

Weak

M

-1,0

-1,0

Moderate

Moderate

-1,5

-1,5

Strong

Strong

-2,0

-2,0

-2,5

-2,5

1995

2000

200

1950

1950

2010

1955

1955

1960 2018 2015 196

1965

1965

1970

1970

1975

1975

1980

1980

1985

1985

1990

1990

1995

1995

2000

2000

2005

2005

2010

2010

2018 2015

2018 2015

Source: National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration

Source: National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration Source: National Ocea ic nd Atmospheric Administration

GEO-GRAPHICS / GRID-Arendal 2018

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