Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Tropical Andes mountains

awareness on climate change and environmental health. It has also funded campaigns to monitor and prevent vector-borne diseases (e.g. dengue fever), which are increasing due to climate change. 45 In addition, adaptation initiatives are part of the 10- year Plan of Public Health 2012–2021, specifically the Integral Risk Management in Emergencies and Disasters component. The goals include greater disaster risk management to reduce current and future impacts of climate change. The Ministry is preparing the sectoral plan for climate change adaptation following the directives of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2012). Moreover, theMSPS is formulating the environmental health component of this plan, which is expected to be fully implemented by 2015 throughout all of the Regional Directorates of Health. The Ecuadorian Ministry of Public Health, through its Environment and Health Directorate, protects human health from the impacts of climate change with measures such as identifying the relationships between climate change and the occurrence of malaria, dengue, leishmaniasis and respiratory diseases. Between 2010 and 2012, the Control and Monitoring of Malaria

Agriculture policy matrix Sector

Colombia 1 1 1 0 0 1

Ecuador 1 0 0 0 0 0

Peru 1 0 0 0 0 0

Bolivia 0 0 0 0 0 0

Adaptation goals Adaptation targets

Implementation tools Mountain adaptation Regional considerations Adaptation actions 0: Absence; 1: Presence.

Public health policy analyses Bolivia has not yet implemented climate change adaptation policies in the public health sector, even though there is evidence of climate change having a wide-ranging impact on human health in the country. 42 According to UNDP, 43 data gathering and information systematization on climate change impacts on human health are still in their early stages. Colombia ’s Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MSPS) has been leading several actions to assess the sector’s vulnerability to climate change. 44 Since 2011, MSPS has conducted several workshops to raise

body of food production – does not have initiatives for climate change adaptation. Currently there is no consistent approach in implementing actions for food security through the ENCC, nor does the national authority in agriculture have any adaptation actions that reflect the multisectoral nature of climate change. Extensive efforts should be dedicated to creating institutional arrangements that would tackle the impacts of climate change on food production. In Peru , the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MINAGRI) has implemented the Plan for Risk Management and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Agricultural Sector (PLANGRACC- A) to assess the impact of four extreme events (frost, hail storm, flood, and drought) on 11 crops, four species of livestock, and four species of grass. In addition, a project on the construction, maintenance and recovery of terraces combined with the conservation of natural resources is expected to optimize farming and generate environmental services for adaptation to climate change and reduction of desertification. However, Peru faces the challenge of linking the results of sectoral policies. Another challenge is to coordinate national and subnational levels to provide consistency, constructive feedback, shared lessons, and economies of scale in interventions.

Health policy matrix Sector

Colombia 1 1 1 0 0 1

Ecuador 1 1 1 0 0 0

Peru 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bolivia A

Adaptation goals Adaptation targets

NA NA NA NA NA

Implementation tools Mountain adaptation Regional considerations Adaptation actions 0: Absence; 1: Presence, NA: Not Available. Authors’ elaboration.

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