Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
extreme or critical threshold events relative to crop development, and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (Singh et al., 2011). Other factors may include changing conditions which facilitate the spread of pests harmful to agriculture. While all agricultural production depends on water, Asian agricultural especially requires large amounts of this resource to produce its most important staple foods – wheat and rice. Any reductions in water availability could therefore have a devastating effect on the region’s food security (Rasul, 2010). HKH countries already rely heavily on water that originates in the region’s
through delayed or early onset of monsoons and change in their duration, higher rainfall variability, and increased extreme events, including floods and droughts (Shrestha et al., 2015a). However, agricultural productivity is projected to increase in certain areas. For example, within Chitral district, Pakistan, wheat yields are expected to increase with temperature increases of between 1.50 and 3 ° C (Hussain &Mudasser, 2007). Agriculture is very sensitive to climate change and is mainly affected by changes in temperature, precipitation, length of growing season, the timing of
Water use by sector
Municipal
Industrial
Agricultural
Year of survey 2005
Bangladesh
Afghanistan
Percentage
2008
1 1
10 2
88
98
Bhutan
China
2008
2015
Agricultural productivity Net Production Index (2004-2006=100)*
5 1
13 22
* Net Production Index is the relative level of the aggregate volume of agricultural production for each year in comparison with the base period 2004-2006.
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
China
94
64
146
137
125
119
128
116
102
96
India
Myanmar
100
2010
2005
11
2 7
97
95
2
91
86
91
87
2004
2010
2016
Nepal
Pakistan
2005
2008
138
138
133
2 0
1 5
145
128
113
111
124
100
98
94
98
97
95
92
India
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Source:FAO,FaostatDatabaseonline, (fao.org)
Source:FAO,AquastatDatabaseonline, (fao.org)
GRID-A RENDAL / L ÓPEZ , 2018
GRID-A RENDAL / L ÓPEZ , 2018
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