Outlook on Climate Change Adaptation in the Western Balkan Mountains

Energy

Millions of Tonnes of oil equivalent Total Final Consumption(TFC)**

Total Primary Energy Supply***

Millions of Tonnes of oil equivalent

TFC percentage by sector

Tonnes of oil equivalent TFC per capita

Industry

14.5

Transport

10

Residential

Other

6.7

9

Serbia

1.1

8

7

Croatia

6

5

4

Bosnia and Herzegovina

3

2

Albania

FYR Macedonia Kosovo* Montenegro

1

0

2000

2005

2010 2012

0

50

100%

0.5

1.0

1.5

40

44

51

67 68

75 74 80

100%

Overall energy self-su cienc y

*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.

**The sum of consumption by the di erent end-use sectors: industry, transport, buildings (including residential and services) and other (including agriculture and non-energy use). It excludes international marine and aviation bunkers. ** *Equivalent to total primary energy demand. It represents inland demand only and excludes international marine and aviation bunkers.

Source: IEA, “EnergyAtlas”, (iea.org,accessOctober2015).

Copyright© 2015GRID-Arendal Cartografare ilpresente/NievesLópez Izquierdo

Energy The energy sector is considered highly important for the economic growthof theWesternBalkan countries, where there is large potential for the development of this sector to bring new investments to the region. A high dependence on imported energy, especially on oil and natural gas, raises various concerns for the security of energy supply and the need to diversify the supply sources with renewable energy such as biomass, solar and wind energy, as well as to introduce energy efficiency.

Current patterns of energy use in the Western Balkans lead to significant impacts on the environment. The region as a whole has a high carbon intensity due to its heavy dependence and use of coal (lignite). Other environmental concerns include pollution from energy combustion (e.g. indoor and local air pollution from inefficient and improperly used stoves) and deforestation and land degradation (from excessive use of wood for fuel). Taking into consideration all of these features, the energy sector in the region is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, air pollutants (acidifying

substances, ozone precursors and particulates) and oil spills. The main domestic sources of electricity generation in the region are lignite and hydropower. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, FYR Macedonia and Kosovo 1 depend mainly on lignite (coal)-fired thermal hydropower plants for electricity. Albania derives almost all its electricity from hydropower. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro also have significant hydropower capacity (IEA, 2008). There is also a high level of shared energy

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