Outlook on Climate Change Adaptation in the South Caucasus Mountains

Notes

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1. With some exceptions in Armenia where water supply is covered by Water Management Plans under development as required by legal provisions. 2. The recommendations have been proposed following consultations held at the Regional Stakeholder Meeting “Climate change and adaptation in the South Caucasus mountains”, 29–30 September 2015, Tbilisi, Georgia. They do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of any governmental authority or institution. 3. Taking into account the respective political environment allowing for such an approach. 4. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Russian Federation, Turkey, and Iran. 5. Non-Annex I parties are mostly developing countries that have ratified or acceded to the UNFCCC but are not required to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The Convention was ratified by Armenia on 14 May 1993, by Azerbaijan on 16 May 1995, and by Georgia – 29 June 1994. The Kyoto Protocol was ratified by Armenia on 25 April 2003, by Azerbaijan on 28 Sept 2000, and by Georgia on 16 June 1999. 6. The climate in the Greater Caucasus ranges between cold- moderate mountain and high mountain meadow while the foothills are predominantly thermo-moderate and humid mountain. The climate in the Lesser Caucasus is predominately temperate semi-arid, temperate semi-humid and temperate arid mountain. The foothills are thermo-moderate and humid mountain and thermo-moderate-arid 7. Study does not include all glaciers in the region. 8. The estimation assumes no adaptation within a scenario of medium impact (Ahouissoussi et al . 2014). 9. Under the Medium Impacts Scenario, with assumption of no adaptation and no constraints on irrigation water (Ahouissoussi et al . 2014). 10. Under the Medium Impacts Scenario, with assumption of no adaptation and no constraints on irrigation water (Ahouissoussi et al . 2014). 11. Under the Medium Impacts Scenario, with assumption of no adaptation and no constraints on irrigation water (Ahouissoussi et al . 2014). 12. Under the Medium Impacts Scenario, with assumption of no adaptation and no constraints on irrigation water (Ahouissoussi et al . 2014). 13. The reduction in river flow is expected to continue to a reduction of 25 per cent by 2070 and 40 per cent by 2100 (MoNP 2015).

14. Previous collective farming in Georgia. 15. (Decree No. 276, dated 19 February 2009)

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16. Georgia´s share of total primary energy supply in 2013 was natural gas: 35.6 per cent, oil: 25.3 per cent, hydro: 18.3 per cent, biofuels/waste 12.4 per cent, geothermal/solar/wind 0.4 per cent, coal 8.1 per cent. 17. Azerbaijan´s share of total primary energy supply in 2013 was natural gas 65.0 per cent, hydro: 0.9 per cent, oil: 33.0 per cent, biofuels/waste 1.1 per cent. 18. Armenia´s share of total primary energy supply in 2013 was gas: 62.2 per cent, nuclear: 20.5 per cent, hydro: 6.2 per cent, oil 10.8, biofuels/waste 0.3 per cent. 19. Azerbaijan-2020: Look to the future Development Conception (President of Azerbaijan n/a); State Programme on poverty reduction and sustainable development (2008–2015) (President of Azerbaijan 2008a); State Programme on Ensuring Reliable Food Provision to Population (2008–2015) (President of Azerbaijan 2008b) 20. Regional development strategy of Azerbaijan (2014–2018) was disregarded in this analysis, as it has no reference neither to climate change adaptation or other relevant issues, nor to mountain regions 21. Programme documents have more concrete character and usually envisage specific funding allocation per measure indicated. 22. Report on the project “Management plan for South water basin of Armenia”, USAID, Armenia, July 2015.

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