Mountain Adaptation Outlook Series - Synthesis Report

Please note that this report is based on a synthesis of the findings within the various Outlooks. Please refer to these Outlooks for more detailed sources of information: References

Specific references included in the text of this report:

Cardona, O.D., M.K. van Aalst, J. Birkmann, M. Fordham, G. McGregor, R. Perez, R.S. Pulwarty, E.L.F. Schipper, and B.T. Sinh, 2012: Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 65-108. IPCC. 2018. Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5ºC. Incheon, South Korea: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Accessed 15 October. https://www.ipcc.ch/ report/sr15/ IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Mach, K.J., S. Planton and C. von Stechow (eds.)]. In: Cli- mate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 117-130. Kohler T. and Maselli D. (eds) 2009. Mountains and Climate Change - From Understanding to Action. Published by Geographica Bernensia with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and an international team of contributors. Bern.

East Africa: EAC, UNEP and GRID-Arendal (2016). Sustainable Mountain Development in East Africa in a Changing Climate. East African Community, United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal. Arusha, Nairobi and Arendal Western Balkans: Alfthan, B.; Krilasevic, E.; Venturini, S.; Bajrovic, S.; Jurek, M.; Schoolmeester, T., Sandei, P.C., Egerer, H, and Kurvits, T. 2015. Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Western Balkan mountains. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID- Arendal and Environmental Innovations Association. Vienna, Arendal and Sarajevo. www.grida.no Carpathians: Alberton, M.; Andresen, M.; Citadino, F.; Egerer, H.; Fritsch, U.; Götsch, H.; Hoffmann, C.; Klemm, J.; Mitrofanenko, A.; Musco, E.; Noellenburg, N.; Pettita, M.; Renner, K.; Zebisch, M. (2017). Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Carpathian Mountains. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID- Arendal and Eurac Research, Nairobi, Vienna, Arendal and Bolzano. www.unep.org, www.grida.no, www.eurac.edu South Caucasus: Shatberashvili, N.; Rucevska, I.; Jørstad, H.; Artsivadze, K.; Mehdiyev, B.; Aliyev, M.; Fayvush, G.; Dzneladze, M.; Jurek, M.; Kirkfeldt, T. & Semernya, L. (2015). Outlook on climate change adaptation in the South Caucasus mountains. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal and Sustainable Caucasus. Nairobi, Arendal and Tbilisi. www.grida.no, www. unep. org, www.sd-caucasus.com Central Asia (full report in Russian): Жолдошева, Э., Ручевска, И., Семерня, Л., Даиров, И., Кожахметов, П., Бариева, А., Маскаев, А., Митрофаненко, Т., Алексеева, Н. 2017. Адаптация к изменению климата в горных районах Центральной Азии. Серия Обзоров по Адаптации в Горных Районах. ООН- окружающая среда, ГРИД-Арендал, РГЦЦА. Найроби, Вена, Арендал, Бишкек. www.unep.org, www.grida.no

Hindu Kush Himalaya Alfthan,B.,Gupta,N.,Gjerdi,H.L.,Schoolmeester,T.,Andresen, M., Jurek, M., Agrawal, N.K. 2018. Outlook on climate change adaptation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. Mountain Adaptation Outlook Series. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Vienna, Arendal and Kathmandu. www.unep.org, www.grida.no, www.icimod.org Tropical Andes: Schoolmeester, T.; Saravia, M.; Andresen, M.; Postigo, J.; Valverde, A.; Jurek, M.; Alfthan, B. and Giada, S. 2016. Outlook on Climate Change Adaptation in the Tropical Andes mountains. Mountain Adaptation Outlook Series. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal and CONDESAN. Nairobi, Arendal, Vienna and Lima. www. unep.org, www.grida.no, www.condesan.org

All Outlooks can be accessed here: www.grida.no/publications

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