Mountain Adaptation Outlook Series - Synthesis Report

to 1.5 degrees, and well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement is based on nationally determined contributions (NDCs), where countries have to report regularly on implementation of the agreement and their national emissions. Under Article 7 of the Agreement, global goals for adaptation are mapped out, including strengthening adaptive capacity and national efforts. International financial mechanisms for climate change adaptation also exist under the UNFCCC, the main funds being the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), the Adaptation Fund (AF), the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). However, the volume of funding has remained low for both mitigation and adaptation measures. Other relevant UN agencies supporting climate change adaptation efforts include UN Environment, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) and the UN Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). Important multilateral processes related to adaptation efforts include The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework), the UnitedNations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are also a key component in global climate change adaptation efforts. Goal 13, Climate Action, is especially relevant in this respect with the aim to “Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries”.

Ama Dablam mountain peak overlooking Dudh Kosi, Nepal

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