Marine Atlas: Maximizing Benefits for Kiribati

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FOREWORD	4
SEA OF ISLANDS: THE CENTRAL PACIFIC	6
A LARGE OCEAN STATE: ADMINISTRATION	7
VALUING	8
SUPPORTING VALUES	10
STILL WATERS RUN DEEP: OCEAN DEPTH	10
VOYAGE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA: GEOMORPHOLOGY	12
UNDER WATER MOUNTAINS: SEAMOUNT MORPHOLOGY	14
GO WITH THE FLOW: SALINITY AND SURFACE CURRENTS	16
STIR IT UP: MIXED LAYER DEPTH	18
PUMP IT: PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON FLUX	19
SOAK UP THE SUN: PHOTOSYNTHE- TICALLY AVAILABLE RADIATION	20
OCEAN VALUES	22
HOME, SWEET HOME: COASTAL HABITATS	22
SHAPING PACIFIC ISLANDS: CORAL REEFS	24
TRAVELLERS OR HOMEBODIES: MARINE SPECIES RICHNESS	26
HOW MUCH DO WE REALLY KNOW? COLD WATER CORAL HABITATS	28
NATURE’S HOTSPOTS: KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS	30
BEYOND THE HOTSPOTS: BIOREGIONS	32
PLANNING	34
USES	36
FISHING IN THE DARK: TUNA CATCH	36
SMALL FISH, BIG IMPORTANCE: INSHORE FISHERIES	38
FISH FROM THE FARM: AQUACULTURE	40
BEYOND THE BEACH: MARINE TOURISM	42
UNDER WATER WILD WEST: DEEP-SEA MINING AND UNDER WATER CABLING	44
FULL SPEED AHEAD: VESSEL TRAFFIC	46
THREATS	48
PLASTIC OCEAN: MICROPLASTICS CONCENTRATION	48
THE DOSE MAKES THE POISON: PHOSPHATE AND NITRATE CONCENTRATION	50
CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS	52
HOTTER AND HIGHER: MEAN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND PROJECTED SEA LEVEL RISE	52
TURNING SOUR: OCEAN ACIDITY	54
REEFS AT RISK: REEF RISK LEVEL	56
STORMY TIMES: CYCLONES	58
MANAGING	60
SPACE TO RECOVER: MARINE MANAGEMENT	62
ONE WORLD, ONE OCEAN: INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) MARPOL CONVENTION	64
KIRIBATI’S COMMITMENT TO MARINE CONSERVATION	66
A MARINE LAYER CAKE	67
CONFLICTING VERSUS COMPATIBLE USES	68
CONCLUSION	70
REFERENCES	71
APPENDIX 1. DATA PROVIDERS	74
APPENDIX 2. PHOTO PROVIDERS	74

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