Marine Atlas: Maximizing Benefits for Kiribati

CONTENTS

VALUING

PLANNING

MANAGING

8

34

60

STILL WATERS RUN DEEP : OCEAN DEPTH SUPPORTING VALUES VOYAGE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA : GEOMORPHOLOGY

USES

4 6

62

70 71 74 74

FOREWORD SEA OF ISLANDS : THE CENTRAL PACIFIC A LARGE OCEAN STATE : ADMINISTRATION

SPACE TO RECOVER : MARINE MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX 1. DATA PROVIDERS APPENDIX 2. PHOTO PROVIDERS

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36 38

FISHING IN THE DARK : TUNA CATCH SMALL FISH, BIG IMPORTANCE : INSHORE FISHERIES FISH FROM THE FARM : AQUACULTURE BEYOND THE BEACH : MARINE TOURISM UNDER WATER WILD WEST : DEEP-SEA MINING AND UNDER WATER CABLING

64

ONE WORLD, ONE OCEAN : INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) MARPOL CONVENTION KIRIBATI’S COMMITMENT TO MARINE CONSERVATION A MARINE LAYER CAKE CONFLICTING VERSUS COMPATIBLE USES

7

12

40 42

66

14

UNDER WATER MOUNTAINS : SEAMOUNT MORPHOLOGY

67 68

16

GO WITH THE FLOW : SALINITY AND SURFACE CURRENTS STIR IT UP : MIXED LAYER DEPTH PUMP IT : PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON FLUX SOAK UP THE SUN : PHOTOSYNTHE- TICALLY AVAILABLE RADIATION

44

18 19

46

FULL SPEED AHEAD : VESSEL TRAFFIC

THREATS

20

48

PLASTIC OCEAN : MICROPLASTICS CONCENTRATION THE DOSE MAKES THE POISON : PHOSPHATE AND NITRATE CONCENTRATION HOTTER AND HIGHER : MEAN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND PROJECTED SEA LEVEL RISE TURNING SOUR : OCEAN ACIDITY REEFS AT RISK : REEF RISK LEVEL STORMY TIMES : CYCLONES CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS

OCEAN VALUES

50

22

HOME, SWEET HOME : COASTAL HABITATS

24

SHAPING PACIFIC ISLANDS : CORAL REEFS

52

26

TRAVELLERS OR HOMEBODIES : MARINE SPECIES RICHNESS

28

54 56 58

HOW MUCH DO WE REALLY KNOW? COLD WATER CORAL HABITATS

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NATURE’S HOTSPOTS : KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS

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BEYOND THE HOTSPOTS : BIOREGIONS

MAXIMIZING BENEFITS FOR KIRIBATI • MARINE ATLAS

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