Living Planet: Connected Planet
The Saiga antelope is a migratory herbivore of the steppes and deserts of Central Asia and Russia, capable of travelling hundreds of kilometres north to south on its annual migrations. Saigas have been hunted since prehistoric times and today poaching remains the primary threat to this critically endangered species. The Saiga is particularly valuable for its horn, which is used in Chinese traditional medicine, but is also hunted for its meat. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Saiga populations crashed by more than 95 per cent within a decade. In response, the Saiga was listed on Appendices II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and CMS. These two treaties collaborate closely to address both Saiga population management and illegal trade in synergy. Since 2006, a CMS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Saiga Antelope has been in force, which has been signed by all range states. Saiga antelope ( Saiga spp.) CMS STATUS CMS INSTRUMENT(S) Appendix II MoU concerning Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Saiga Antelope
Threats to migratory pathways and critical sites While a number of Saiga populations are starting to stabilize, three continue tobe inaprecarious state (North-West Pre-Caspian,Ural and Ustiurt populations). Recent disease-related mass mortality events
in the Ural population, during which 12,000 and 450 Saigas died in May 2010 and May 2011 respectively, have reduced this population by one-third. The two transboundary populations (Ural, Ustiurt) are declining most severely. Well-equipped commercial poachers are
Saiga antelope populations
RUSSIA
North-West Pre-Caspian
Ural
Betpak-dala
MONGOLIA
Ustiurt
RUSSIA
KAZAKHSTAN
Aral Sea
Mongolia
Lake Balqash
Caspian Sea
CHINA
Caspian Sea
Saiga antelope population
AZERBAIJAN
Overall direction of migrations (North in summer, South in winter)
UZBEKISTAN
Terrestrial protected areas
KYRGYZSTAN
TURKMENISTAN
Source: ACBK, 2011; WWF Mongolia, Web-based GIS database on biological diversity of Mongolia; UNEP-WCMC, Protected Planet web database; Russian Committee for the UNESCO MAB Programme.
IRAN
Figure 11: Saiga antelope populations .
36
Made with FlippingBook